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The advent of real-time multimedia services over the Internet has stimulated new technologies for expanding the information carrying capacity of optical network backbones. Multilayer wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) packet switching…

Increased density of wireless devices, ever growing demands for extremely high data rate, and spectrum scarcity at microwave bands make the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies an important player in future wireless networks. However,…

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing…

Network layers are analyzed for their design and issues of researches, while dense wavelength division multiplexing equipment has been deployed in networks of major telecommunications carriers for a long time, the efficiency of networking…

The capability of mobile devices to use multiple interfaces to support a single session is becoming more prevalent. Prime examples include the desire to implement WiFi offloading and the introduction of 5G. Furthermore, an increasing…

The rapid evolution of communication technologies such as 5G and beyond, rely on optical networks to support the challenging and ambitious requirements that include both capacity and reliability. This chapter begins by giving an overview of…

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an emerging paradigm that will enable using wireless to its full potential in future networks, not only to convey information but also to deliver energy. Such networks will enable trillions of future…

Optical wireless Communication (OWC) is a strong candidate in the next generation (6G) of cellular networks. In this paper, a laser-based optical wireless network is deployed in an indoor environment using Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting…

The abundant optical spectrum is a promising part of the electromagnetic spectrum for 6G communication systems. The visible light spectrum which is a part of the optical spectrum, can be used to provide communication and illumination…

Some multi-path routing algorithm in MANET, simultaneously send information to the destination through several directions to reduce end-to-end delay. In all these algorithms, the sent traffic through a path affects the adjacent path and…

In optical WDM networks, transmission of information along optical lines is advantageous since it has high transmission capacity, scalability, feasibility and also high reliability. But large amount of information is being carried; any…

It is important that the wireless network is well optimized and planned, using the limited wireless spectrum resources, to serve the explosively growing traffic and diverse applications needs of end users. Considering the challenges of…

Smart grid is an energy network that integrates advanced power equipment, communication technology and control technology. It can transmit two-way power and data among all components of the grid at the same time. The existing smart grid…

As the demand of wireless communication continues to rise, the radio spectrum (a finite resource) requires increasingly efficient utilization. This trend is driving the evolution from static, stand-alone spectrum allocation toward spectrum…

The stringent performance requirements of future wireless networks, such as ultra-high data rates, extremely high reliability and low latency, are spurring worldwide studies on defining the next-generation multiple-input multiple-output…

Optical neural networks (ONNs), or optical neuromorphic hardware accelerators, have the potential to dramatically enhance the computing power and energy efficiency of mainstream electronic processors, due to their ultralarge bandwidths of…

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to eliminate device-side batteries. With the advent of (distributed) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), radio frequency (RF) WPT has become feasible…

Wireless mesh networks have seen a real progress due of their implementation at a low cost. They present one of Next Generation Networks technologies and can serve as home, companies and universities networks. In this paper, we propose and…

The next generation wireless communication networks are required to support high-mobility scenarios, such as reliable data transmission for high-speed railways. Nevertheless, widely utilized multi-carrier modulation, the orthogonal…

Multi-connectivity is emerging as promising solution to provide reliable communications and seamless connectivity at the millimeter-wave frequency range. Due to the obstacles that cause frequent interruptions at such high frequency range,…