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The basic mechanism underlying electric field switching produced by a resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) is analysed and the theory compared with experimental results; agreement to within 12% is achieved. The electro-absorption modulator (EAM)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. M. L. Figueiredo , C. N. Ironside , C. R. Stanley

In this paper the design for an absorbing metamaterial with near unity absorbance in terahertz region is presented. The absorber's unit cell structure consists of two metamaterial resonators that couple to electric and magnetic fields…

Optics · Physics 2015-08-06 Alireza Bagheri , Gholamreza Moradi

Photonic time-varying systems have attracted significant attention owing to their rich physics and potential opportunities for new and enhanced functionalities. In this context, the duality of space and time in wave physics has been…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-13 Zeki Hayran , Jacob B. Khurgin , Francesco Monticone

Quantum communication between distant superconducting qubits on separate chips using itinerant microwave photons has been studied to realize distributed quantum information processing. To enhance information capacity and fault tolerance in…

Absorbing boundaries are frequently employed in real-time propagation of the Schr\"odinger equation to remove spurious reflections and efficiently emulate outgoing boundary conditions. These conditions are a fundamental ingredient for an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-02-09 Umberto De Giovannini , Ask Hjorth Larsen , Angel Rubio

We consider wave scattering from a system of highly contrasting resonators with time-modulated material parameters. In this setting, the wave equation reduces to a system of coupled Helmholtz equations that models the scattering problem. We…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-01-05 Habib Ammari , Jinghao Cao , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen , Liora Rueff

A new approach for the spatial and temporal modulation of electromagnetic fields at terahertz frequencies is presented. The waveguiding elements are based on plasmonic and metamaterial notions and consist of an easy-to-manufacture periodic…

A new frontier in optics research has been opened by the recent developments in non-perturbative optical modulation in both time and space that creates temporal boundaries generating ``time-reflection'' and ``time-refraction'' of light in…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-25 Evgenii E. Narimanov

Nonlocality is a fundamental concept in photonics. For instance, nonlocal wave-matter interactions in spatially modulated metamaterials enable novel effects, such as giant electromagnetic chirality, artificial magnetism, and negative…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-02 C. Rizza , G. Castaldi , V. Galdi

Current progress in electro-optical modulation within silicon integrated photonics, driven by the unique capabilities of advanced functional materials, has led to significant improvements in device performance. However, inherent constraints…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

Parametrically modulated optomechanical systems have been recently proposed as a simple and efficient setting for the quantum control of a micromechanical oscillator: relevant possibilities include the generation of squeezing in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-18 Alessandro Farace , Vittorio GIovannetti

The capability of optical resonators to extend the effective radiation-matter interaction length originates from a multipass effect, hence is intrinsically limited by the resonator quality factor. Here, we show that this constraint can be…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-05 P. Malara , C. E. Campanella , A. Giorgini , S. Avino , P. De Natale , G. Gagliardi

The Moir\'e superlattice has attracted growing interest in the electromagnetic and optical communities. Here, we extend this concept to time-varying photonic systems by superposing two binary modulations on the refractive index with…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-17 Zhaohui Dong , Xianfeng Chen , Luqi Yuan

A terahertz absorber with controllable and switchable bandwidth and insensitive to polarization is of great interest. Here, we propose and demonstrate a metasurface absorber with switchable bandwidth based on a phase-change material of…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-08 S. Hadi Badri , M. M. Gilarlue , Sanam SaeidNahaei , Jong Su Kim

Metamaterials and metasurfaces are designed by periodically arranged subwavelength geometries, allowing a tailored manipulation of the electromagnetic response of matter. Here, we exploit temporal variations of permittivity inside…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-24 Victor Pacheco-Peña , Nader Engheta

The performance of autonomous systems heavily relies on their ability to generate a robust representation of the environment. Deep neural networks have greatly improved vision-based perception systems but still fail in challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Jörg Wagner , Volker Fischer , Michael Herman , Sven Behnke

We optimize theoretically and experimentally the performances of the recently demonstrated modulation transfer protocol [D.-A. Trinh, K. V. Adwaith, M. Branco, A. Rouxel, S. Welinski, P. Berger, F. Goldfarb, and F. Bretenaker, Applied…

The engineering of the optical properties of materials in space and time is opening further directions and possibilities to control wave propagation in four dimensions (x,y,z,t). A key example of such modulations are time interfaces where…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-14 Andrew M. Naylor , Victor Pacheco-Peña

The introduction of time as an additional degree of freedom to control wave-matter interactions have opened new avenues to fully control wave propagation in four dimensions (x,y,z,t). Time interfaces (rapid changes of the constitutive…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-03 Mariya Antyufeyeva , Victor Pacheco-Peña

Photonic circuits modulated in time can convert the input light frequency $\omega_0$ shifting it by multiples of the modulation frequency $\omega_p$ and, in certain cases, amplify the total input light power. Of special interest are…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-27 M. Sumetsky