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Negative refractive index materials have attracted significant research attention due to their unique electromagnetic response characteristics. In this paper, we employ the complementing boundary condition to establish rigorous a priori…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Wenjing Zhang , Yu Chen , Yixian Gao

Four-dimensional optics leverages the simultaneous control of materials in space and time to manipulate light. A key challenge in experimentally realizing many intriguing phenomena is the need for rapid modulation, which is hindered by the…

Optics · Physics 2025-06-26 M. H. Mostafa , M. S. Mirmoosa , E. Galiffi , S. Yin , A. Alù , S. A. Tretyakov

The conventional description of time-varying media assumes that electromagnetic fields evolve according to fixed continuity conditions during parameter jumps. Here we reveal that these conditions are not physical constraints but tunable…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-24 Yongge Wang , Jingfeng Yao , Ying Wang , Chengxun Yuan , Zhongxiang Zhou

Materials with unusual optical properties are central to advanced control of light. Yet, in nature, such materials may be exceedingly rare and often difficult to obtain. To overcome this limitation, here we introduce the concept of temporal…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-19 Grigorii Ptitcyn , Diego M. Solís , M. S. Mirmoosa , Nader Engheta

Dissipation of electromagnetic energy through absorption is a fundamental process that underpins phenomena ranging from photovoltaics to photography, analytical spectroscopy, photosynthesis, and human vision. Absorption is also a dynamic…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-13 Venkatram Nalla , Xu Fang , João Valente , Handong Sun , Nikolay I Zheludev

We examine several ways to manipulate the loss in electromagnetic cloaks, based on transformation electromagnetics. It is found that, by utilizing inherent electric and magnetic losses of metamaterials, perfect wave absorption can be…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Christos Argyropoulos , Efthymios Kallos , Yan Zhao , Yang Hao

We study theoretically the mode conversion and the associated resonant absorption of p-polarized electromagnetic waves into longitudinal plasma oscillations in cold, unmagnetized and stratified plasmas with periodic spatial density…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 Dae Jung Yu , Kihong Kim

Modulation of metasurfaces in time gives rise to several exotic space-time scattering phenomena by violating the reciprocity and generation of higher-order frequency harmonics. We introduce a new design paradigm for time-modulated…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Mohammad Mahdi Salary , Samad Jafar-Zanjani , Hossein Mosallaei

We show that the spatial coherence of thermal radiation can be manipulated in time-modulated photonic systems supporting surface polaritons. We develop a fluctuational electrodynamics formalism for such systems to calculate the…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-01 Renwen Yu , Shanhui Fan

Despite more than a decade of active research, the fundamental problem of material loss remains a major obstacle in fulfilling the promise of the recently emerged fields of metamaterials and plasmonics to bring in revolutionary practical…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-17 Andrei Rogov , Evgenii Narimanov

During the last decade, possibilities to realize new phenomena and create new applications by varying system properties in time have gained increasing attention in many research fields, spanning a wide range from acoustics to optics. While…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-11-24 G. Ptitcyn , M. S. Mirmoosa , A. Sotoodehfar , S. A. Tretyakov

One of the main milestones in the study of opto- and electro-mechanical systems is to certify entanglement between a mechanical resonator and an optical or microwave mode of a cavity field. In this work, we show how a suitable time-periodic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 A. Mari , J. Eisert

Mode conversion of transverse electromagnetic waves into longitudinal oscillations and the associated resonant absorption of wave energy in inhomogeneous plasmas is a phenomenon that has been studied extensively in plasma physics. We show…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Kihong Kim , Seulong Kim

We present a theoretical framework for electromagnetic scattering by particles with a permittivity that is periodically varying in time, based on a perturbative approach. Within this framework, we derive explicit expressions for the…

The latest breakthroughs in time-varying photonics are fueling novel thermal emission phenomena, for example, showing that the dynamic amplification of quantum vacuum fluctuations, induced by the time-modulation of material properties,…

The prevalent high intrinsic absorption in the crystalline state of phase-change materials (PCMs), typically leads to a decline in modulation efficiency for phase-change metasurfaces, underutilizing their potential for quasi-continuous…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-22 Luoyao Chu , Yan Li , Shunyu Yao , Yuru Li , Siqing Zeng , Zhaohui Li

Anomalous field enhancement accompanied by resonant absorption phenomenon was originally discussed in the context of plasma physics and in applications related to radio-communications between the ground and spacecraft returning to Earth.…

The advent of novel nonlinear materials has stirred unprecedented interest in exploring the use of temporal inhomogeneities to achieve novel forms of wave control, amidst the greater vision of engineering metamaterials across both space and…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-24 Emanuele Galiffi , Shixiong Yin , Andrea Alù

In this paper a planar electromagnetic absorber is introduced whose performance is maintained over a wide change of the incidence angle for both TE and TM polarization. The absorber comprises an array of patches over a grounded dielectric…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Olli Luukkonen , Filippo Costa , Agostino Monorchio , Sergei A. Tretyakov

We study plasmonic time crystals, an extension of dielectric-based photonic time crystals to plasmonic media. Remarkably, we demonstrate that such systems may amplify both longitudinal and transverse modes. In particular, we show that…