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Forgetting as a knowledge management operation deliberately ignores parts of the knowledge and beliefs of an agent, for various reasons. Forgetting has many facets, one may want to forget parts of the syntax, a proposition, or a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Christoph Beierle , Alexander Hahn , Diana Howey , Gabriele Kern-Isberner , Kai Sauerwald

Forgetting - or variable elimination - is an operation that allows the removal, from a knowledge base, of middle variables no longer deemed relevant. In recent years, many different approaches for forgetting in Answer Set Programming have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Ricardo Gonçalves , Matthias Knorr , João Leite

Whereas the operation of forgetting has recently seen a considerable amount of attention in the context of Answer Set Programming (ASP), most of it has focused on theoretical aspects, leaving the practical issues largely untouched. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Matti Berthold , Ricardo Gonçalves , Matthias Knorr , João Leite

Forgetting refers to the loss or deterioration of previously acquired knowledge. While existing surveys on forgetting have primarily focused on continual learning, forgetting is a prevalent phenomenon observed in various other research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhenyi Wang , Enneng Yang , Li Shen , Heng Huang

Forgetting is often seen as an unwanted characteristic in both human and machine learning. However, we propose that forgetting can in fact be favorable to learning. We introduce "forget-and-relearn" as a powerful paradigm for shaping the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Hattie Zhou , Ankit Vani , Hugo Larochelle , Aaron Courville

Continual Learning research typically focuses on tackling the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. Catastrophic forgetting is associated with an abrupt loss of knowledge previously learned by a model when the task, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 MohammadReza Davari , Nader Asadi , Sudhir Mudur , Rahaf Aljundi , Eugene Belilovsky

In this paper, we investigate knowledge reasoning within a simple framework called knowledge structure. We use variable forgetting as a basic operation for one agent to reason about its own or other agents\ knowledge. In our framework, two…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Kaile Su , Abdul Sattar , Guanfeng Lv , Yan Zhang

Autonomous machine learning systems that learn many tasks in sequence are prone to the catastrophic forgetting problem. Mathematical theory is needed in order to understand the extent of forgetting during continual learning. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Daniel Goldfarb , Paul Hand

A central challenge in developing versatile machine learning systems is catastrophic forgetting: a model trained on tasks in sequence will suffer significant performance drops on earlier tasks. Despite the ubiquity of catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Vinay V. Ramasesh , Ethan Dyer , Maithra Raghu

A fundamental challenge in developing general learning algorithms is their tendency to forget past knowledge when adapting to new data. Addressing this problem requires a principled understanding of forgetting; yet, despite decades of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ben Sanati , Thomas L. Lee , Trevor McInroe , Aidan Scannell , Nikolay Malkin , David Abel , Amos Storkey

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from forgetting of upstream knowledge when fine-tuned. Despite efforts on mitigating forgetting, few have investigated how forgotten upstream examples are dependent on newly learned tasks. Insights on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xisen Jin , Xiang Ren

To engage in human-like dialogue, robots require the ability to describe the objects, locations, and people in their environment, a capability known as "Referring Expression Generation." As speakers repeatedly refer to similar objects, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Tom Williams , Torin Johnson , Will Culpepper , Kellyn Larson

A central challenge in continual learning is forgetting, the loss of performance on previously learned tasks induced by sequential adaptation to new ones. While forgetting has been extensively studied empirically, rigorous theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zonghuan Xu , Xingjun Ma

Selective forgetting or removing information from deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential for continual learning and is challenging in controlling the DNNs. Such forgetting is crucial also in a practical sense since the deployed DNNs may…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-01 Tomohiro Hayase , Suguru Yasutomi , Takashi Katoh

The Right to Explanation and the Right to be Forgotten are two important principles outlined to regulate algorithmic decision making and data usage in real-world applications. While the right to explanation allows individuals to request an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Satyapriya Krishna , Jiaqi Ma , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Memory and forgetting constitute two sides of the same coin, and although the first has been rigorously investigated, the latter is often overlooked. A number of experiments under the realm of psychology and experimental neuroscience have…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-23 Antonios Georgiou , Mikhail Katkov , Misha Tsodyks

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often evaluated against ideals of perfect Bayesian inference, yet growing evidence suggests that their in-context reasoning exhibits systematic forgetting of past information. Rather than viewing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Alexandros Christoforos

This paper presents a novel approach based on variable forgetting, which is a useful tool in resolving contradictory by filtering some given variables, to merging multiple knowledge bases. This paper first builds a relationship between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-11 Dai Xu , Xiaowang Zhang , Zuoquan Lin

Models trained on a new task typically degrade on prior tasks, a phenomenon known as forgetting. Traditionally, mitigating forgetting has required replaying stored exemplars from prior tasks, which is often impractical. By contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Martin Marek , Dongkyu Cho , Shikai Qiu , Rumi Chunara , Pavel Izmailov , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem faced by many machine learning models and algorithms. When trained on one task, then trained on a second task, many machine learning models "forget" how to perform the first task. This is widely believed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-05 Ian J. Goodfellow , Mehdi Mirza , Da Xiao , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio
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