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The central question of systems biology is to understand how individual components of a biological system such as genes or proteins cooperate in emerging phenotypes resulting in the evolution of diseases. As living cells are open systems in…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-20 Jeyashree Krishnan , Reza Torabi , Edoardo Di Napoli , Andreas Schuppert

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Yao Lu , Wentao Chen , Shuaining Zhang , Kuan Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

A spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) handles large-scale combinatorial optimization problems owing to optical processing with spatial parallelism. However, iterative feedback in the search for optimal solutions limits processing speed…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-27 Suguru Shimomura , Jun Tanida , Yusuke Ogura

Quantum annealing is a heuristic algorithm for searching the ground state of an Ising model. Heuristic algorithms aim to obtain near-optimal solutions with a reasonable computation time. Accordingly, many algorithms have so far been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Shuntaro Okada , Masayuki Ohzeki

Nature apparently does a lot of computation constantly. If we can harness some of that computation at an appropriate level, we can potentially perform certain type of computation (much) faster and more efficiently than we can do with a von…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Uday Kumar Reddy Vengalam , Yongchao Liu , Tong Geng , Hui Wu , Michael Huang

We consider Grover's search algorithm on a model quantum computer implemented on a chain of four or five nuclear spins with first and second neighbour Ising interactions. Noise is introduced into the system in terms of random fluctuations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 T. Gorin , L. Lara , G. V. Lopez

We first present an empirical study of the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm, when run on the random field Ising model defined on random regular graphs in the zero temperature limit. We introduce the notion of maximal solutions for the BP…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-02-01 Gabriele Perugini , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

Error-mitigation methods for Ising machines are reexamined not merely as noise-suppression techniques but as a structural design problem of replica-coupled Ising models. Using simulated annealing as a hardware-noise-free testbed, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-15 Tetsuro Abe , Kanta Hino , Shu Tanaka

We show that Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) are prime candidates for use as neuromorphic machine learning processors with Equilibrium Propagation (EP) based on-chip learning. The inherent energy gradient descent dynamics of OIMs, combined…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-08-19 Alex Gower

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

Ising machines are physical platforms designed to minimize the energy of classical Ising Hamiltonians, yet accessing specific excited states remains an open challenge of both fundamental and practical relevance. In this letter we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Jacopo Tosca , Cristiano Ciuti , Claudio Conti , Marcello Calvanese Strinati

Interest in non-algorithmic, unconventional computing is rising in recent years due to more and more apparent short comings of classic stored-program digital computers, such as energy efficiency, degree of parallelism in computations, clock…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Shrish Roy , Bernd Ulmann

The Ising model provides a natural mapping for many computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Consequently, dynamical system-inspired computing models and hardware platforms that minimize the Ising Hamiltonian, have…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Mohammad Khairul Bashar , Nikhil Shukla

As powerful as machine learning (ML) techniques are in solving problems involving data with large dimensionality, explaining the results from the fitted parameters remains a challenging task of utmost importance, especially in physics…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-15 Roberto C. Alamino

Ising Machine is a promising computing approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It is naturally suited for energy-saving and compact in-memory computing implementations with emerging memories. A na\"ive in-memory computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-30 George Higgins Hutchinson , Ethan Sifferman , Tinish Bhattacharya , Dmitri B. Strukov

Ising computing provides a new computing paradigm for many hard combinatorial optimization problems. Ising computing essentially tries to solve the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem, which is also described by the Ising…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Chase Cook , Wentian Jin , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

Recent work has shown that probabilistic models based on pairwise interactions-in the simplest case, the Ising model-provide surprisingly accurate descriptions of experiments on real biological networks ranging from neurons to genes.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2007-12-18 Tamara Broderick , Miroslav Dudik , Gasper Tkacik , Robert E. Schapire , William Bialek

Stochastic Ising machines, sIMs, are highly promising accelerators for optimization and sampling of computational problems that can be formulated as an Ising model. Here we investigate the computational advantage of sIM for simulations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Rutger J. L. F. Berns , Davi R. Rodrigues , Giovanni Finocchio , Johan H. Mentink

Determining properties of ground states of spin Hamiltonians remains a topic of central relevance connecting disciplines of mathematical, theoretical and applied physics. In the last few decades, ground state properties of physical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Jacob Biamonte

In the presented article we present an algorithm for the computation of ground state spin configurations for the 2d random bond Ising model on planar triangular lattice graphs. Therefore, it is explained how the respective ground state…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-19 O. Melchert , A. K. Hartmann