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The observation of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the most promising future options to increase our knowledge on non-thermal processes in the universe. Neutrinos are e.g. unavoidably produced in environments where…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ulrich F. Katz

Upcoming neutrino telescopes may discover ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies beyond 100 PeV, in the next 10-20 years. Finding their sources would identify guaranteed sites of interaction of UHE cosmic rays, whose origin…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-14 Damiano F. G. Fiorillo , Mauricio Bustamante , Victor B. Valera

IceCube measures a diffuse neutrino flux comparable to the Waxman-Bahcall bound, which suggests the possibility that the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have a common origin with diffuse high energy neutrinos. We propose high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-25 Qinyuan Zhang , Xishui Tian , Zhuo Li

The most energetic astrophysical sources in the Milky Way, cosmic accelerators capable of producing high-energy cosmic rays, have resisted discovery for over a century. Up to now, astrophysicists sought these sources mainly by scouring the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-14 Mauricio Bustamante

We summarize recent results of the observations of high (1 TeV-100 PeV) and ultrahigh ($\geq 100$ PeV) energy neutrinos, including the detection of a diffuse cosmic high-energy neutrino background, the identification of the first neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Ke Fang , Kohta Murase

This Letter of Intent (LoI) describes the outline and plan for the Neutrino Telescope Array (NTA) project. High-energy neutrinos provide unique and indisputable evidence for hadronic acceleration. Recently, IceCube has reported astronomical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-29 Makoto Sasaki , George Wei-Shu Hou

IceCube has discovered an unresolved and isotropic flux of neutrinos between 10 TeV and 8 PeV. Extragalactic origin for this flux is usually assumed, as well as a correlation with the sources of cosmic rays. To date, no clear association…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-01 Ignacio Taboada , Chun Fai Tung , Joshua Wood

Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) identified 12 $\gamma$-ray sources emitting gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV, making them potential PeV cosmic-ray accelerators (PeVatrons). Neutrino observations are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-22 Bo-Heng Song , Tian-Qi Huang , Kai Wang

At high energies, the very steep decrease of the conventional atmospheric component of the neutrino spectrum should allow the emergence of even small and isotropic components of the total spectrum, indicative of new physics, provided that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-18 John F. Beacom , Julián Candia

We highlight the capacity of current and forthcoming air shower arrays using water-Cherenkov stations to detect neutrino events spanning energies from $10\,$GeV to $100\,$TeV. This detection approach leverages individual stations equipped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 J. Alvarez-Muñiz , R. Conceição , P. J. Costa , B. S. González , M. Pimenta , B. Tomé

We revisit and extend the analysis supporting a 60 year-old suggestion that cosmic rays air showers resulting from primary particles with energies above 10^{18} eV should be straightforward to detect with radar ranging techniques, where the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2011-05-23 Peter. W. Gorham

We present the first catalogs of the highest-energy (above 56 TeV and 100 TeV) gamma-ray sources seen by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The wide field-of-view of HAWC naturally lends itself to unbiased all-sky surveys…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Kelly Malone

For about a decade the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been observing a high-energy diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux. At these energies, an important source of background are the prompt atmospheric neutrinos produced in decays of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-15 Jakob Böttcher

The origin of the knee in cosmic ray spectrum remains to be an unsolved fundamental problem. There are various kinds of models which predict different break positions and the compositions of the knee. In this work, we suggest to use diffuse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Y. Q. Guo , H. B. Hu , Q. Yuan , Z. Tian , X. J. Gao

Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to accelerate cosmic rays (CRs) to several PeV energies, but this has yet to be confirmed as general behavior. Although several sources show ~100 TeV gamma rays, their hadronic origin is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Emily Simon , Rebecca Diesing , Damiano Caprioli , Stephen Sclafani

The Earth's Shadow to Cosmic Rays offer a windows to Tau Neutrino Astronomy at the Horizon edges. Inclined and Horizontal C.R. Showers (70^o-90^o zenith angle) produce secondary (gamma,e) mostly suppressed by high column atmosphere depth.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Fargion

The search for Galactic pevatrons is now a well-identified key science project of all instruments operating in the very-high-energy domain. Indeed, in this energy range, the detection of gamma rays clearly indicates that efficient particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-18 P. Cristofari

The origin of Petaelectronvolt (PeV) astrophysical neutrinos is fundamental to our understanding of the high-energy Universe. Apart from the technical challenges of operating detectors deep below ice, oceans, and lakes, the phenomenological…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-05 I. Liodakis , T. Hovatta , V. Pavlidou , A. C. S. Readhead , R. D. Blandford , S. Kiehlmann , E. Lindfors , W. Max-Moerbeck , T. J. Pearson , M. Petropoulou

The Pierre Auger Observatory has the capability of detecting neutrino-induced extensive air showers by searching for very inclined showers with a significant electromagnetic component. In order to study the detector response of the surface…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-10-30 H. J. Blümer , D. Gora , M. Roth , A. Tamburro

Understanding cosmic acceleration mechanisms, such as jet formation in black holes, star collapses or binary mergers, and the propagation of accelerated particles in the universe is still a `work in progress' and requires a multi-messenger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Teresa Montaruli