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This paper presents correspondence between Albert Einstein and the mathematical analyst J. L. B. Cooper on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox of quantum theory published in 1935. Two letters written by Cooper, and the replies from…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 P. L. Butzer , D. E. Edmunds , G. Roepstorff , G. Schmeisser , R. L. Stens

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox was enunciated in 1935 and since then it has made a lot of ink flow. Being a subtle result, it has also been largely misunderstood. Indeed, if questioned about its solution, many physicists will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-08 Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) conceived a Gedankenexperiment which became a cornerstone of quantum technology and still challenges our understanding of reality and locality today. While the experiment has been realized with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Paolo Colciaghi , Yifan Li , Philipp Treutlein , Tilman Zibold

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is considered in a relation to a measurement of an arbitrary quantum system . It is shown that the EPR paradox always appears in a gedanken experiment with two successively joined measuring devices.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Konstantin Kladko

There is an opinion that the Bohm reformulation of the EPR paradox in terms of spin variables is equivalent to the original one. In this note we show that such an opinion is not justified. We apply to the original EPR problem the method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei Khrennikov , Igor Volovich

In this paper we study a two-step version of EPR-B experiment, the Bohm version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. Its theoretical resolution in space and time enables us to refute the classic "impossibility" to decompose a pair of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-05 Michel Gondran , Alexandre Gondran

The EPR paradox dates back to 1935 when Einstein et al., through the use of non commuting operators, proposed that quantum mechanics was not complete in that it suggested a `spooky action at a distance.' Later in 1964 John Bell was able to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Paul O'Hara

The original version of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is discussed to show the completeness of Quantum Mechanics (QM). The unique solution leads to the wave function of antiparticle unambiguously, which implies the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang-jiong Ni , Hong Guan

Experiments have reported the entanglement of two spatially separated macroscopic atomic ensembles at room temperature (Krauter et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 080503; Julsgaard et al 2001 Nature 413 400). We show how an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-29 Q Y He , M D Reid

In 1935, Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen ('EPR') reported on a thought experiment that they believed showed that quantum theory provided an incomplete description of reality. Today we know that quantum theory is a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Roman Schnabel

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox highlights the absence of a local realistic explanation for quantum mechanics, and shows the incompatibility of the local-hidden-state models with quantum theory. For $N$-qubit states, or more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Zhi-Jie Liu , Jie Zhou , Hui-Xian Meng , Xing-Yan Fan , Mi Xie , Fu-lin Zhang , Jing-Ling Chen

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox was presented as an argument that quantum mechanics is an incomplete description of physical reality. However, the premises on which the argument is based are falsifiable by Bell experiments. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 C. McGuigan , R. Y. Teh , P. D. Drummond , M. D Reid

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is one of the milestones in quantum foundations, arising from the lack of local realistic description of quantum mechanics. The EPR paradox has stimulated an important concept of "quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Tianfeng Feng , Changliang Ren , Qin Feng , Maolin Luo , Xiaogang Qiang , Jing-Ling Chen , Xiaoqi Zhou

In 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) pointed out that Quantum Mechanics apparently implied some mysterious, instantaneous action at a distance. This paradox is supposed to be related to the probabilistic nature of the theory, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniele Tommasini

Most physicists agree that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell paradox exemplifies much of the strange behavior of quantum mechanics, but argument persists about what assumptions underlie the paradox. To clarify what the debate is about, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Guy Blaylock

In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) questioned the completeness of quantum mechanics by devising a quantum state of two massive particles with maximally correlated space and momentum coordinates. The EPR criterion qualifies such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-30 J. Peise , I. Kruse , K. Lange , B. Lücke , L. Pezzè , J. Arlt , W. Ertmer , K. Hammerer , L. Santos , A. Smerzi , C. Klempt

Local realism has been knocked down by the experiments with entangled pairs of particles based on Bell's theorem(J. S. Bell, Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1, 195 (1964)). However, there has been continuing debate on whether locality or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-24 Liangsuo Shu , Shiping Jin , Xiaokang Liu , Suyi Huang , Zhidong Zeng , Alice Fox , Kun Li , Jingyi Tan

A new interpretation offers a consistent conceptual basis for nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is solved and the violation of Bell's inequality is explained by maintaining realism, inductive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene

In 1935, in a paper entitled "Can quantum-mechanical description of reality be considered complete?", Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) formulated an apparent paradox of quantum theory. They considered two quantum systems that were…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 Zhoudunming Tu , Dmitri Kharzeev , Thomas Ullrich

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox plays a fundamental role in our understanding of quantum mechanics, and is associated with the possibility of predicting the results of non-commuting measurements with a precision that seems to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Benjamin Yadin , Matteo Fadel , Manuel Gessner
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