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Related papers: Constant-depth circuits vs. monotone circuits

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We show that sharp thresholds for Boolean functions directly imply average-case circuit lower bounds. More formally we show that any Boolean function exhibiting a sharp enough threshold at \emph{arbitrary} critical density cannot be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-07-17 David Gamarnik , Elchanan Mossel , Ilias Zadik

A notorious open question in circuit complexity is whether Boolean operations of arbitrary arity can efficiently be expressed using modular counting gates only. H{\aa}stad's celebrated switching lemma yields exponential lower bounds for the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Benedikt Pago

We consider the problem of testing whether an unknown Boolean function $f$ is monotone versus $\epsilon$-far from every monotone function. The two main results of this paper are a new lower bound and a new algorithm for this well-studied…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Xi Chen , Rocco A. Servedio , Li-Yang Tan

We establish a generic form of hardness amplification for the approximability of constant-depth Boolean circuits by polynomials. Specifically, we show that if a Boolean circuit cannot be pointwise approximated by low-degree polynomials to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Mark Bun , Justin Thaler

Recent work of Bravyi et al. and follow-up work by Bene Watts et al. demonstrates a quantum advantage for shallow circuits: constant-depth quantum circuits can perform a task which constant-depth classical (i.e., AC$^0$) circuits cannot.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-07 Daniel Grier , Luke Schaeffer

The paper proposes an implicit (i.e., machine-independent) complexity approach to studying computation by polynomial-size, constant-depth circuits with gates counting modulo a constant through the lens of discrete ordinary differential…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Melissa Antonelli , Arnaud Durand , Rui Li

In this paper, we provide a uniform framework for investigating small circuit classes and bounds through the lens of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Following an approach recently introduced to capture the class of polynomial-time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Melissa Antonelli , Arnaud Durand , Juha Kontinen

We exhibit a monotone function computable by a monotone circuit of quasipolynomial size such that any monotone circuit of polynomial depth requires exponential size. This is the first size-depth tradeoff result for monotone circuits in the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Mika Göös , Gilbert Maystre , Kilian Risse , Dmitry Sokolov

Recently Bravyi, Gosset and K\"onig (Science 2018) proved an unconditional separation between the computational powers of small-depth quantum and classical circuits for a relation. In this paper we show a similar separation in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-27 François Le Gall

Let $ACC \circ THR$ be the class of constant-depth circuits comprised of AND, OR, and MOD$m$ gates (for some constant $m > 1$), with a bottom layer of gates computing arbitrary linear threshold functions. This class of circuits can be seen…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-13 Ryan Williams

Circuit lower bounds are important since it is believed that a super-polynomial circuit lower bound for a problem in NP implies that P!=NP. Razborov has proved superpolynomial lower bounds for monotone circuits by using method of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Boyu Sima

The best known size lower bounds against unrestricted circuits have remained around $3n$ for several decades. Moreover, the only known technique for proving lower bounds in this model, gate elimination, is inherently limited to proving…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , R. Ryan Williams

$\mathsf{QAC}^0$ is the class of constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits constructed from arbitrary single-qubit gates and generalized Toffoli gates. It is arguably the smallest natural class of constant-depth quantum computation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Daniel Grier , Jackson Morris , Kewen Wu

We prove lower bounds for the Minimum Circuit Size Problem (MCSP) in the Sum-of-Squares (SoS) proof system. Our main result is that for every Boolean function $f: \{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$, SoS requires degree $\Omega(s^{1-\epsilon})$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Per Austrin , Kilian Risse

We investigate the complexity of uniform OR circuits and AND circuits of polynomial-size and depth. As their name suggests, OR circuits have OR gates as their computation gates, as well as the usual input, output and constant (0/1) gates.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Niall Murphy , Damien Woods

The depth of quantum circuits is a critical factor when running them on state-of-the-art quantum devices due to their limited coherence times. Reducing circuit depth decreases noise in near-term quantum computations and reduces overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Elisa Bäumer , Stefan Woerner

The minimum number of NOT gates in a Boolean circuit computing a Boolean function is called the inversion complexity of the function. In 1957, A. A. Markov determined the inversion complexity of every Boolean function and proved that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-09-01 V. V. Kochergin , A. V. Mikhailovich

Recently, Forbes, Kumar and Saptharishi [CCC, 2016] proved that there exists an explicit $d^{O(1)}$-variate and degree $d$ polynomial $P_{d}\in VNP$ such that if any depth four circuit $C$ of bounded formal degree $d$ which computes a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Suryajith Chillara

A recent line of work has shown the unconditional advantage of constant-depth quantum computation, or $\mathsf{QNC^0}$, over $\mathsf{NC^0}$, $\mathsf{AC^0}$, and related models of classical computation. Problems exhibiting this advantage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Joseph Slote

In this paper, we consider bounded width circuits and nondeterministic circuits in three somewhat new directions. In the first part of this paper, we mainly consider bounded width circuits. The main purpose of this part is to prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Hiroki Morizumi