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With an ever-increasing number of sensors in modern society, spatio-temporal time series forecasting has become a de facto tool to make informed decisions about the future. Most spatio-temporal forecasting models typically comprise distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Lars Ødegaard Bentsen , Narada Dilp Warakagoda , Roy Stenbro , Paal Engelstad

Temporal graph neural networks (TGNNs) have been widely used for modeling time-evolving graph-related tasks due to their ability to capture both graph topology dependency and non-linear temporal dynamic. The explanation of TGNNs is of vital…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Wenchong He , Minh N. Vu , Zhe Jiang , My T. Thai

Neural forecasting of spatiotemporal time series drives both research and industrial innovation in several relevant application domains. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are often the core component of the forecasting architecture. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Andrea Cini , Ivan Marisca , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Cesare Alippi

In recent years, spatio-temporal graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable interest in the field of time series analysis, due to their ability to capture, at once, dependencies among variables and across time points. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Flavio Corradini , Flavio Gerosa , Marco Gori , Carlo Lucheroni , Marco Piangerelli , Martina Zannotti

Modeling multivariate time series has long been a subject that has attracted researchers from a diverse range of fields including economics, finance, and traffic. A basic assumption behind multivariate time series forecasting is that its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Zonghan Wu , Shirui Pan , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Xiaojun Chang , Chengqi Zhang

It is well established that spectral graph neural networks (GNNs) can universally approximate node signals; however, their expressive power remains bounded by the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman test, which is mirrored in their lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaohan Wang , Deyu Bo , Longlong Li , Kelin Xia

The challenge of effectively learning inter-series correlations for multivariate time series forecasting remains a substantial and unresolved problem. Traditional deep learning models, which are largely dependent on the Transformer paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Wanlin Cai , Kun Wang , Hao Wu , Xiaoxu Chen , Yuankai Wu

In recent years, the expressive power of various neural architectures -- including graph neural networks (GNNs), transformers, and recurrent neural networks -- has been characterised using tools from logic and formal language theory. As the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marco Sälzer , Przemysław Andrzej Wałęga , Martin Lange

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently been adapted to temporal settings, often employing temporal versions of the message-passing mechanism known from GNNs. We divide temporal message passing mechanisms from literature into two main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Przemysław Andrzej Wałęga , Michael Rawson

The expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is often analysed via correspondence to the Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithm and fragments of first-order logic. Standard GNNs are limited to performing aggregation over immediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Huan Luo , Jonni Virtema

With recent advances in sensing technologies, a myriad of spatio-temporal data has been generated and recorded in smart cities. Forecasting the evolution patterns of spatio-temporal data is an important yet demanding aspect of urban…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Guangyin Jin , Yuxuan Liang , Yuchen Fang , Zezhi Shao , Jincai Huang , Junbo Zhang , Yu Zheng

This work formalizes the associational task of predicting node attribute evolution in temporal graphs from the perspective of learning equivariant representations. We show that node representations in temporal graphs can be cast into two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jianfei Gao , Bruno Ribeiro

Temporal graphs exhibit dynamic interactions between nodes over continuous time, whose topologies evolve with time elapsing. The whole temporal neighborhood of nodes reveals the varying preferences of nodes. However, previous works usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Tongya Zheng , Xinchao Wang , Zunlei Feng , Jie Song , Yunzhi Hao , Mingli Song , Xingen Wang , Xinyu Wang , Chun Chen

Multivariate time-series forecasting plays a crucial role in many real-world applications. It is a challenging problem as one needs to consider both intra-series temporal correlations and inter-series correlations simultaneously. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Defu Cao , Yujing Wang , Juanyong Duan , Ce Zhang , Xia Zhu , Conguri Huang , Yunhai Tong , Bixiong Xu , Jing Bai , Jie Tong , Qi Zhang

Reconstructing time-varying graph signals (or graph time-series imputation) is a critical problem in machine learning and signal processing with broad applications, ranging from missing data imputation in sensor networks to time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Jhon A. Castro-Correa , Jhony H. Giraldo , Mohsen Badiey , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an effective framework for representation learning of graphs. GNNs follow a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the representation vector of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Keyulu Xu , Weihua Hu , Jure Leskovec , Stefanie Jegelka

Spatio-temporal graph neural networks (STGNNs) have gained popularity as a powerful tool for effectively modeling spatio-temporal dependencies in diverse real-world urban applications, including intelligent transportation and public safety.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jiabin Tang , Lianghao Xia , Chao Huang

This paper introduces a novel Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture for time series classification, based on visibility graph representations. Traditional time series classification methods often struggle with high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paulo Coelho , Raul Araju , Luís Ramos , Samir Saliba , Renato Vimieiro

Time series are the primary data type used to record dynamic system measurements and generated in great volume by both physical sensors and online processes (virtual sensors). Time series analytics is therefore crucial to unlocking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ming Jin , Huan Yee Koh , Qingsong Wen , Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi , Geoffrey I. Webb , Irwin King , Shirui Pan

Research in deep learning models to forecast traffic intensities has gained great attention in recent years due to their capability to capture the complex spatio-temporal relationships within the traffic data. However, most state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Amit Roy , Kashob Kumar Roy , Amin Ahsan Ali , M Ashraful Amin , A K M Mahbubur Rahman
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