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Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into daily life through conversational interfaces, processing user data via natural language inputs and exhibiting advanced reasoning capabilities, which raises new concerns about…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhuoyang Li , Yanlai Wu , Yao Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

The development of open-source, multilingual medical language models can benefit a wide, linguistically diverse audience from different regions. To promote this domain, we present contributions from the following: First, we construct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Xiaoman Zhang , Weixiong Lin , Haicheng Wang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

This paper explores the application of large language models (LLMs) in nursing and elderly care, focusing on AI-driven patient monitoring and interaction. We introduce a novel Chinese nursing dataset and implement incremental pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Qiao Sun , Jiexin Xie , Nanyang Ye , Qinying Gu , Shijie Guo

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), which possess powerful natural language processing and generation capabilities, LLMs are poised to provide more natural and personalized user experiences. Their deployment on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Lianjun Liu , Hongli An , Pengxuan Chen , Longxiang Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities to comprehend human intentions, engage in reasoning, and design planning-like behavior. To further unleash the power of LLMs to accomplish complex tasks, there…

The process of matching patients with suitable clinical trials is essential for advancing medical research and providing optimal care. However, current approaches face challenges such as data standardization, ethical considerations, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jiayi Yuan , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have been two major emerging players in the information technology era. Although there has been significant coverage of their individual capabilities, our literature survey sheds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Kushal Khatiwada , Jayden Hopper , Joseph Cheatham , Ayan Joshi , Sabur Baidya

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and LLaMA, have significantly transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP) with their outstanding abilities in text generation, summarization, and classification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Md Nazmus Sakib , Md Athikul Islam , Royal Pathak , Md Mashrur Arifin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools for natural language understanding and user intent resolution, enabling tasks such as translation, summarization, and, increasingly, the orchestration of complex workflows.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Justus Flerlage , Alexander Acker , Odej Kao

The ChatGPT, a lite and conversational variant of Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) developed by OpenAI, is one of the milestone Large Language Models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. LLMs have stirred up much interest among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Hanyao Huang , Ou Zheng , Dongdong Wang , Jiayi Yin , Zijin Wang , Shengxuan Ding , Heng Yin , Chuan Xu , Renjie Yang , Qian Zheng , Bing Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming AI across industries, but their development and deployment remain complex. This survey reviews 16 key challenges in building and using LLMs and examines how these challenges are addressed by two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shubham Sharma , Sneha Tuli , Narendra Badam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative power in enhancing natural language comprehension, representing a significant stride toward artificial general intelligence. The application of LLMs extends beyond conventional…

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from general-purpose systems to multimodal models capable of processing text, images, and audio. As both general-purpose LLMs (GLLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) gain widespread adoption,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yujian Liu , Xiao Yu , Jacky Keung , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaoxue Ma

Online health resources and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as a first point of contact for medical decision-making, yet their reliability in healthcare remains limited by low accuracy, lack of transparency, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yujia Liu , Sophia Yu , Hongyue Jin , Jessica Wen , Alexander Qian , Terrence Lee , Mattheus Ramsis , Gi Won Choi , Lianhui Qin , Xin Liu , Edward J. Wang

The rapid evolution of network technologies and the growing complexity of network tasks necessitate a paradigm shift in how networks are designed, configured, and managed. With a wealth of knowledge and expertise, large language models…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yudong Huang , Hongyang Du , Xinyuan Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shuo Wang , Tao Huang

While LLMs enable a range of AI applications, interacting with multiple models and customizing workflows can be challenging, and existing LLM interfaces offer limited support for collaborative extension or real-world evaluation. In this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jaeryang Baek , Ayana Hussain , Danny Liu , Nicholas Vincent , Lawrence H. Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown much promise in powering a variety of software engineering (SE) tools. Offering natural language as an intuitive interaction mechanism, LLMs have recently been employed as conversational ``programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jonan Richards

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation behind a Large Language Model (LLM) agent that chats with an industrial production-grade ERP system. The agent is capable of interpreting natural language queries and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jorge Ruiz Gómez , Lidia Andrés Susinos , Jorge Alamo Olivé , Sonia Rey Osorno , Manuel Luis Gonzalez Hernández