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In Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks using Large Language Models (LLMs), the quality of retrieved information is critical to the final output. This paper introduces the IRSC benchmark for evaluating the performance of embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Hai Lin , Shaoxiong Zhan , Junyou Su , Haitao Zheng , Hui Wang

Neural Information Retrieval models hold the promise to replace lexical matching models, e.g. BM25, in modern search engines. While their capabilities have fully shone on in-domain datasets like MS MARCO, they have recently been challenged…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Thibault Formal , Benjamin Piwowarski , Stéphane Clinchant

We present a reality check on large language models and inspect the promise of retrieval augmented language models in comparison. Such language models are semi-parametric, where models integrate model parameters and knowledge from external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wang-Chiew Tan , Yuliang Li , Pedro Rodriguez , Richard James , Xi Victoria Lin , Alon Halevy , Scott Yih

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become a dominant approach to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing vector database (VecDB) retrieval pipelines rely on flat or single-resolution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Information retrieval methods often rely on a single embedding model trained on large, general-domain datasets like MSMARCO. While this approach can produce a retriever with reasonable overall performance, they often underperform models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Hyunji Lee , Luca Soldaini , Arman Cohan , Minjoon Seo , Kyle Lo

In this paper, we propose to boost low-resource cross-lingual document retrieval performance with deep bilingual query-document representations. We match queries and documents in both source and target languages with four components, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rui Zhang , Caitlin Westerfield , Sungrok Shim , Garrett Bingham , Alexander Fabbri , Neha Verma , William Hu , Dragomir Radev

The widespread availability of search API's (both free and commercial) brings the promise of increased coverage and quality of search results for metasearch engines, while decreasing the maintenance costs of the crawling and indexing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Thales Sales Almeida , Thiago Laitz , João Seródio , Luiz Henrique Bonifacio , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Deep language models learning a hierarchical representation proved to be a powerful tool for natural language processing, text mining and information retrieval. However, representations that perform well for retrieval must capture semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Xiaowei Xu

Parametric language models (LMs), which are trained on vast amounts of web data, exhibit remarkable flexibility and capability. However, they still face practical challenges such as hallucinations, difficulty in adapting to new data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Akari Asai , Zexuan Zhong , Danqi Chen , Pang Wei Koh , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Wen-tau Yih

Despite advances in generative large language models (LLMs), practical application of specialized conversational AI agents remains constrained by computation costs, latency requirements, and the need for precise domain-specific relevance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Eliot Brenner , Dominic Seyler , Manjunath Hegde , Andrei Simion , Koustuv Dasgupta , Bing Xiang

This study investigates the position bias in information retrieval, where models tend to overemphasize content at the beginning of passages while neglecting semantically relevant information that appears later. To analyze the extent and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ziyang Zeng , Dun Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Panxiang Zou , Yudong Zhou , Yuqing Yang

Semantic textual similartiy (STS) and information retrieval tasks (IR) tasks have been the two major avenues to record the progress of embedding models in the past few years. Under the emerging Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) paradigm,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Chenghao Xiao , G Thomas Hudson , Noura Al Moubayed

Deep research has emerged as an important task that aims to address hard queries through extensive open-web exploration. To tackle it, most prior work equips large language model (LLM)-based agents with opaque web search APIs, enabling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Chuan Meng , Litu Ou , Sean MacAvaney , Jeff Dalton

Objective: Applying large language models (LLMs) to the clinical domain is challenging due to the context-heavy nature of processing medical records. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a solution by facilitating reasoning over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Skatje Myers , Timothy A. Miller , Yanjun Gao , Matthew M. Churpek , Anoop Mayampurath , Dmitriy Dligach , Majid Afshar

Recommender systems have become an essential component of many online platforms, providing personalized recommendations to users. A crucial aspect is embedding techniques that convert the high-dimensional discrete features, such as user and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Maolin Wang , Xinjian Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Sheng Zhang , Jiansheng Li , Bowen Yu , Binhao Wang , Shucheng Zhou , Dawei Yin , Qing Li , Ruocheng Guo , Xiangyu Zhao

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) for document reranking has been a popular and promising research direction in recent years, many studies are dedicated to improving the performance and efficiency of using LLMs for reranking. Besides,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Liu , Haozhe Duan , Yiqun Chen , Quanfeng Lu , Weiwei Sun , Jiaxin Mao

This paper describes a compact and effective model for low-latency passage retrieval in conversational search based on learned dense representations. Prior to our work, the state-of-the-art approach uses a multi-stage pipeline comprising…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Sheng-Chieh Lin , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin

The search of information in large text repositories has been plagued by the so-called document-query vocabulary gap, i.e. the semantic discordance between the contents in the stored document entities on the one hand and the human query on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Bhawani Selvaretnam , Mohammed Belkhatir

In this research, we improve upon the current state of the art in entity retrieval by re-ranking the result list using graph embeddings. The paper shows that graph embeddings are useful for entity-oriented search tasks. We demonstrate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Emma J. Gerritse , Faegheh Hasibi , Arjen P. de Vries