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We present a categorical construction for modelling causal structures within a general class of process theories that include the theory of classical probabilistic processes as well as quantum theory. Unlike prior constructions within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Aleks Kissinger , Sander Uijlen

Phylogenetics uses alignments of molecular sequence data to learn about evolutionary trees. Substitutions in sequences are modelled through a continuous-time Markov process, characterised by an instantaneous rate matrix, which standard…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-20 Naomi E. Hannaford , Sarah E. Heaps , Tom M. W. Nye , Tom A. Williams , T. Martin Embley

We present a novel approach for constrained Bayesian inference. Unlike current methods, our approach does not require convexity of the constraint set. We reduce the constrained variational inference to a parametric optimization over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Joydeep Ghosh

There is currently a renewed interest in the Bayesian predictive approach to statistics. This paper offers a review on foundational concepts and focuses on predictive modeling, which by directly reasoning on prediction, bypasses inferential…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Sandra Fortini , Sonia Petrone

In this paper, we propose an active learning method for an inverse problem that aims to find an input that achieves a desired structured-output. The proposed method provides new acquisition functions for minimizing the error between the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-12 Kota Matsui , Shunya Kusakawa , Keisuke Ando , Kentaro Kutsukake , Toru Ujihara , Ichiro Takeuchi

A common technique for verifying the safety of complex systems is the inductive invariant method. Inductive invariants are inductive formulas that overapproximate the reachable states of a system and imply a desired safety property.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ian Dardik , Eunsuk Kang

Classical causal and statistical inference methods typically assume the observed data consists of independent realizations. However, in many applications this assumption is inappropriate due to a network of dependences between units in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser

Bayesian inference provides a natural framework for updating knowledge as new information becomes available, often in a sequential manner by incorporating datasets in stages or reusing previous posteriors as priors. In practice, this is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-22 Lipei Du

One of the most fundamental problems in causal inference is the estimation of a causal effect when variables are confounded. This is difficult in an observational study, because one has no direct evidence that all confounders have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-03 Ricardo Silva , Robin Evans

We analyze a model of learning and belief formation in networks in which agents follow Bayes rule yet they do not recall their history of past observations and cannot reason about how other agents' beliefs are formed. They do so by making…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-29 M. Amin Rahimian , Ali Jadbabaie

We provide a new flexible framework for inference with the instrumental variable model. Rather than using linear specifications, functions characterizing the effects of instruments and other explanatory variables are estimated using machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-03 Robert E. McCulloch , Rodney A. Sparapani , Brent R. Logan , Purushottam W. Laud

Bayesian network is a complete model for the variables and their relationships, it can be used to answer probabilistic queries about them. A Bayesian network can thus be considered a mechanism for automatically applying Bayes' theorem to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-11-08 Jianguo Ding

A popular theory of perceptual processing holds that the brain learns both a generative model of the world and a paired recognition model using variational Bayesian inference. Most hypotheses of how the brain might learn these models assume…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-01 Ari S. Benjamin , Konrad P. Kording

We describe and analyze a simple random feature scheme (RFS) from prescribed compositional kernels. The compositional kernels we use are inspired by the structure of convolutional neural networks and kernels. The resulting scheme yields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Amit Daniely , Roy Frostig , Vineet Gupta , Yoram Singer

This paper proposes a causal inference relation and causal programming as general frameworks for causal inference with structural causal models. A tuple, $\langle M, I, Q, F \rangle$, is an instance of the relation if a formula, $F$,…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-08 Joshua Brulé

Decision trees and systems of decision rules are widely used as classifiers, as a means for knowledge representation, and as algorithms. They are among the most interpretable models for data analysis. The study of the relationships between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Kerven Durdymyradov , Mikhail Moshkov

An analyst observes the frequency with which an agent takes actions, but not the frequency with which she takes actions conditional on a payoff relevant state. In this setting, we ask when the analyst can rationalize the agent's choices as…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-07-27 Laura Doval , Ran Eilat

We study system design problems stated as parameterized stochastic programs with a chance-constraint set. We adopt a Bayesian approach that requires the computation of a posterior predictive integral which is usually intractable. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-07 Prateek Jaiswal , Harsha Honnappa , Vinayak A. Rao

The diagnosis of cyber-physical systems aims to detect faulty behaviour, its root cause and a mitigation or even prevention policy. Therefore, diagnosis relies on a representation of the system's functional and faulty behaviour combined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Nicolas Olivain , Philipp Tiefenbacher , Jens Kohl

Theory refinement is the task of updating a domain theory in the light of new cases, to be done automatically or with some expert assistance. The problem of theory refinement under uncertainty is reviewed here in the context of Bayesian…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Wray L. Buntine