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Adaptive traffic signal control (TSC) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in managing dynamic traffic flows. However, conventional methods often struggle when unforeseen traffic incidents occur (e.g., accidents and road maintenance),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Shiqi Wei , Qiqing Wang , Kaidi Yang

The generation of testing and training scenarios for autonomous vehicles has drawn significant attention. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled new scenario generation methods, current methods struggle to balance command adherence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Qingyuan Shi , Qingwen Meng , Hao Cheng , Qing Xu , Jianqiang Wang

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Autonomous vehicles are complex systems that are challenging to test and debug. A requirements-driven approach to the development process can decrease the resources required to design and test these systems, while simultaneously increasing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos , Danil Prokhorov , Hisahiro Ito , James Kapinski

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Marvin Seegert , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

Current scientific research witnesses various attempts at applying Large Language Models for scenario generation but is inclined only to comprehensive or dangerous scenarios. In this paper, we seek to build a three-stage framework that not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yicheng Xiao , Yangyang Sun , Yicheng Lin

Real-world autonomous driving must adhere to complex human social rules that extend beyond legally codified traffic regulations. Many of these semantic constraints, such as yielding to emergency vehicles, complying with traffic officers'…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Qian Cheng , Weitao Zhou , Cheng Jing , Nanshan Deng , Junze Wen , Zhaoyang Liu , Kun Jiang , Diange Yang

Establishing trustworthy safety assurance for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) requires evidence that failures arise from avoidable system deficiencies rather than unavoidable traffic conflicts. Current adversarial simulation methods can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yizhuo Xiao , Haotian Yan , Ying Wang , Zhongpan Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Xintao Yan , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Traffic rules formalization is crucial for verifying the compliance and safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, manual translation of natural language traffic rules as formal specification requires domain knowledge and logic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Kumar Manas , Stefan Zwicklbauer , Adrian Paschke

Ensuring the safety and robustness of autonomous driving systems necessitates a comprehensive evaluation in safety-critical scenarios. However, these safety-critical scenarios are rare and difficult to collect from real-world driving data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mingxing Peng , Yuting Xie , Xusen Guo , Ruoyu Yao , Hai Yang , Jun Ma

Human drivers naturally balance the risks of different concerns while driving, including traffic rule violations, minor accidents, and fatalities. However, achieving the same behavior in autonomous driving systems remains an open problem.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Shuhao Qi , Zengjie Zhang , Zhiyong Sun , Sofie Haesaert

When developing text classification models for real world applications, one major challenge is the difficulty to collect sufficient data for all text classes. In this work, we address this challenge by utilizing large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chenhao Xue , Yuanzhe Jin , Adrian Carrasco-Revilla , Joyraj Chakraborty , Min Chen

Traditional approaches to safety event analysis in autonomous systems have relied on complex machine learning models and extensive datasets for high accuracy and reliability. However, the advent of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Mohammad Abu Tami , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Mohammed Elhenawy

The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

Accurate representation of procedures in restricted scenarios, such as non-standardized scientific experiments, requires precise depiction of constraints. Unfortunately, Domain-specific Language (DSL), as an effective tool to express…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yu-Zhe Shi , Haofei Hou , Zhangqian Bi , Fanxu Meng , Xiang Wei , Lecheng Ruan , Qining Wang

Real-world autonomous driving, particularly in urban environments with numerous corner cases, requires rigorous testing to ensure product safety and robustness. However, few studies have explored integrating adversarial scenario generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Kaizheng Li , Yaran Lin , Qiang Guo , Bin Jiang

Generating varied scenarios through simulation is crucial for training and evaluating safety-critical systems, such as autonomous vehicles. Yet, the task of modeling the trajectories of other vehicles to simulate diverse and meaningful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Phat Nguyen , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Zhang-Wei Hong , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

This study introduces a novel approach for traffic control systems by using Large Language Models (LLMs) as traffic controllers. The study utilizes their logical reasoning, scene understanding, and decision-making capabilities to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Sari Masri , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Mohammed Elhenawy

Software engineers in various industrial domains are already using Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the process of implementing parts of software systems. When considering its potential use for ADAS or AD systems in the automotive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Zhennan Fei , Krishna Ronanki , Håkan Sivencrona , Christian Berger