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We study parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for low-temperature plasmas (LTPs), which discretize kinetic formulations that capture the time evolution of the probability density function of particles as a function of position and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-12 James Almgren-Bell , Nader Al Awar , Dilip S Geethakrishnan , Milos Gligoric , George Biros

Particle-in-cell merging algorithms aim to resample dynamically the six-dimensional phase space occupied by particles without distorting substantially the physical description of the system. Whereas various approaches have been proposed in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-11-16 Marija Vranic , Thomas Grismayer , Joana L. Martins , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Luis O. Silva

Electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes are widely used to perform computer simulations of a variety of physical systems, including fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, plasma wakefield particle accelerators, and secondary photon…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Edoardo Zoni , Remi Lehe , Olga Shapoval , Daniel Belkin , Neil Zaïm , Luca Fedeli , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay

We compare a newly developed hybrid simulation method which combines classical molecular dynamics (MD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to a simulation consisting only of molecular dynamics. The hybrid code is composed of three…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 Sandra Barsky , Rafael Delgado-Buscalioni , Peter Coveney

A new method that solves concurrently the multi-fluid and Maxwell's equations has been developed for plasma simulations. By calculating the stress tensor in the multi-fluid momentum equation by means of computational particles moving in a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Stefano Markidis , Pierre Henri , Giovanni Lapenta , Kjell Ronnmark , Maria Hamrin , Zakaria Meliani , Erwin Laure

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are central to plasma physics but face increasing challenges on heterogeneous HPC systems due to excessive data movement, synchronization overheads, and inefficient utilization of multiple…

We present a detailed strong and weak scaling analysis of PICCANTE, an open source, massively parallel, fully-relativistic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code. PIC codes are widely used in plasma physics and astrophysics to study the cases where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Andrea Sgattoni , Luca Fedeli , Stefano Sinigardi , Alberto Marocchino , Andrea Macchi , Volker Weinberg , Anupam Karmakar

We describe Pegasus, a new hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell code tailored for the study of astrophysical plasma dynamics. The code incorporates an energy-conserving particle integrator into a stable, second-order--accurate, three-stage…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Matthew W. Kunz , James M. Stone , Xue-Ning Bai

We present the formulation, algorithm and numerical tests of the magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell (MHD-PIC) method with particles treated under the guiding center approximation, which we term the MHD-gPIC method, and it is implemented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Zitao Hu , Xue-Ning Bai , Xiaochen Sun

SMILEI is a collaborative, open-source, object-oriented (C++) particle-in-cell code. To benefit from the latest advances in high-performance computing (HPC), SMILEI is co-developed by both physicists and HPC experts. The code's structures,…

picFoam is a fully kinetic electrostatic Particle-in-Cell(PIC) solver, including Monte Carlo Collisions(MCC), for non-equilibrium plasma research in the open-source framework of OpenFOAM. The solver's modular design, based on the same…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-02-09 Christoph Kühn , Rodion Groll

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is a computational technique widely used in plasma physics to model plasmas at the kinetic level. In this work, we present our effort to prepare the semi-implicit energy-conserving PIC code ECsim for…

A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Kwangmin Yu , Prabhat Kumar , Shaohua Yuan , Aiqi Cheng , Roman Samulyak

Applying gyrokinetic simulations for theoretical turbulence and transport studies to the plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) presents significant challenges. To in particular account for steep density and temperature gradients in the…

A massively parallel simulation code, called \textit{dHybrid}, has been developed to perform global scale studies of space plasma interactions. This code is based on an explicit hybrid model; the numerical stability and parallel scalability…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 L. Gargaté , R. Bingham , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva

Numerical heating in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes currently precludes the accurate simulation of cold, relativistic plasma over long periods, severely limiting their applications in astrophysical environments. We present a spatially…

We investigate the spectral properties of plasma turbulence from fluid to sub-ion scales by means of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations performed with the hybrid particle-in-cell (HPIC) code CAMELIA. We produce…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-05 L. Franci , P. Hellinger , M. Guarrasi , C. H. K. Chen , E. Papini , A. Verdini , L. Matteini , S. Landi

Modern ultra-intense laser facilities can generate electromagnetic fields strong enough to accelerate particles to near-light speeds over micron-scale distances and also approach the QED critical field, resulting in highly nonlinear and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Q. Qian , D. Seipt , M. Vranic , T. Grismayer , C. P. Ridgers , A. G. R. Thomas

Based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation method, the speed-limited PIC (SLPIC) method delivers faster kinetic plasma simulation in cases where the particle distributions evolve slowly compared with the maximum stable PIC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Gregory R. Werner , Thomas G. Jenkins , Andrew M. Chap , John R. Cary

We describe how a new framework for coupling a full-PIC algorithm with a reduced PIC algorithm has been implemented into the code OSIRIS. We show that OSIRIS with this new hybrid-PIC algorithm can efficiently and accurately model high…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 F. Fiuza , M. Marti , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva , J. Tonge , J. May , W. B. Mori
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