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In an ordinary quantum algorithm the gates are applied in a fixed order on the systems. The introduction of indefinite causal structures allows to relax this constraint and control the order of the gates with an additional quantum state. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Martin J. Renner , Časlav Brukner

In the rapidly growing area of quantum information, the Deutsch algorithm is ubiquitous and, in most cases, the first one to be introduced to any student of this relatively new field of research. The reason for this historical relevance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Yohan Vianna , Mariana R. Barros , Malena Hor-Meyll

It is usually assumed that a quantum computation is performed by applying gates in a specific order. One can relax this assumption by allowing a control quantum system to switch the order in which the gates are applied. This provides a more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-11 Mateus Araújo , Fabio Costa , Časlav Brukner

We consider a family of unstructured problems, for which we propose a method for constructing analog, continuous-time quantum algorithms that are more efficient than their classical counterparts. In this family of problems, which we refer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-22 Itay Hen

The quantum switch, the canonical example of a process with indefinite causal order, has been claimed to provide various advantages over processes with definite causal orders for some particular tasks in the field of quantum metrology. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Raphaël Mothe , Cyril Branciard , Alastair A. Abbott

Quantum algorithms could efficiently solve certain classically intractable problems by exploiting quantum parallelism. To date, whether the quantum entanglement is useful or not for quantum computing is still a question of debate. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 He-Liang Huang , Ashutosh K. Goswami , Wan-Su Bao , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We report an experimental demonstration of quantum Deutsch's algorithm by using linear-optical system. By employing photon's polarization and spatial modes, we implement all balanced and constant functions for quantum computer. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-18 Pei Zhang , Rui-Feng Liu , Yun-Feng Huang , Hong Gao , Fu-Li Li

In this paper, we consider a quantum algorithm for solving the following problem: ``Suppose $f$ is a function given as a black box (that is also called an oracle) and $f$ is invariant under some AND-mask. Examine a property of $f$ by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hiroo Azuma

Given black-box access to the input and output systems, we develop the first efficient quantum causal order discovery algorithm with polynomial query complexity with respect to the number of systems. We model the causal order with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Ge Bai , Ya-Dong Wu , Yan Zhu , Masahito Hayashi , Giulio Chiribella

The quantum SWITCH is an example of a process with an indefinite causal structure, and has attracted attention for its ability to outperform causally ordered computations within the quantum circuit model. To date, realisations of the…

In a conventional circuit for quantum machine learning, the quantum gates used to encode the input parameters and the variational parameters are constructed with a fixed order. The resulting output function, which can be expressed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Nannan Ma , P. Z. Zhao , Jiangbin Gong

Researchers have long been aiming to understand how the characteristics of Quantum Theory and General Relativity combine to account for regimes in their interface. One reason why this is a hard task is how differently the theories approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Bruna Sahdo

Operations performing on quantum batteries are extended to scenarios where we no longer force the existence of definite causal order of occurrence between distinct processes. In contrast to standard theories, the so called indefinite causal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-27 Yuanbo Chen , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Computational models typically assume that operations are applied in a fixed sequential order. In recent years several works have looked at relaxing this assumption, considering computations without any fixed causal structure and showing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Alastair A. Abbott , Mehdi Mhalla , Pierre Pocreau

One of the most basic computational problems is the task of finding a desired item in an ordered list of N items. While the best classical algorithm for this problem uses log_2 N queries to the list, a quantum computer can solve the problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Childs , Andrew J. Landahl , Pablo A. Parrilo

In classical physics, events follow a definite causal order: the past influences the future, but not the reverse. Quantum theory, however, permits superpositions of causal orders -- so-called indefinite causal orders -- which can provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Carla M. D. Richter , Michael Antesberger , Huan Cao , Philip Walther , Lee A. Rozema

A bare description of the seminal quantum algorithm devised by Deutsch could mean more than an introduction to quantum computing. It could contribute to opening the field to interdisciplinary research.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-13 Giuseppe Castagnoli

In the past decade, the toolkit of quantum information has been expanded to include processes in which the basic operations do not have definite causal relations. Originally considered in the context of the unification of quantum mechanics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Lee A. Rozema , Teodor Strömberg , Huan Cao , Yu Guo , Bi-Heng Liu , Philip Walther

The well-known Deutsch Algorithm (DA) and Deutsch-Jozsha Algorithm (DJA) both are used as an evidence to the power of quantum computers over classical computation mediums. In these theoretical experiments, it has been shown that a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-24 Osman Kaan Erol

The standard model of quantum circuits assumes operations are applied in a fixed sequential "causal" order. In recent years, the possibility of relaxing this constraint to obtain causally indefinite computations has received significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Alastair A. Abbott , Mehdi Mhalla , Pierre Pocreau
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