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Boolean satisfiability [1] (k-SAT) is one of the most studied optimization problems, as an efficient (that is, polynomial-time) solution to k-SAT (for $k\geq 3$) implies efficient solutions to a large number of hard optimization problems…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-08-03 Maria Ercsey-Ravasz , Zoltan Toroczkai

The random k-SAT instances undergo a "phase transition" from being generally satisfiable to unsatisfiable as the clause number m passes a critical threshold, $r_k n$. This causes a drastic reduction in the number of satisfying assignments,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Mingyou Wu

The field of fine-grained complexity aims at proving conditional lower bounds on the time complexity of computational problems. One of the most popular assumptions, Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH), implies that SAT cannot be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Tatiana Belova , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin , Olga Ratseeva , Grigory Reznikov , Denil Sharipov

The random 3-satisfiability (3-SAT) problem is in the unsatisfiable (UNSAT) phase when the clause density $\alpha$ exceeds a critical value $\alpha_s \approx 4.267$. However, rigorously proving the unsatisfiability of a given large 3-SAT…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-07-29 Lu-Lu Wu , Hai-Jun Zhou , Mikko Alava , Erik Aurell , Pekka Orponen

We consider Achlioptas processes for k-SAT formulas. We create a semi-random formula with n variables and m clauses, where each clause is a choice, made on-line, between two or more uniformly random clauses. Our goal is to delay the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-12-03 Varsha Dani , Josep Diaz , Thomas Hayes , Cristopher Moore

How many $k$-SAT functions on $n$ boolean variables are there? What does a typical such function look like? Bollob\'as, Brightwell, and Leader conjectured that, for each fixed $k \ge 2$, the number of $k$-SAT functions on $n$ variables is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Dingding Dong , Nitya Mani , Yufei Zhao

In the last 30 years it was found that many combinatorial systems undergo phase transitions. One of the most important examples of these can be found among the random k-satisfiability problems (often referred to as k-SAT), asking whether…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-02-02 K. A. Zweig , G. Palla , T. Vicsek

We show that the CNF satisfiability problem (SAT) can be solved in time $O^*(1.1199^{(d-2)n})$, where $d$ is either the maximum number of occurrences of any variable or the average number of occurrences of all variables if no variable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Sanjay Jain , Tzeh Yuan Neoh , Frank Stephan

The random $k$-SAT problem serves as a model that represents the 'typical' $k$-SAT instances. This model is thought to undergo a phase transition as the clause density changes, and it is believed that the random $k$-SAT problem is primarily…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Andreas Basse-O'Connor , Mette Skjøtt

Given a $k$-CNF formula and an integer $s$, we study algorithms that obtain $s$ solutions to the formula that are maximally dispersed. For $s=2$, the problem of computing the diameter of a $k$-CNF formula was initiated by Creszenzi and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Per Austrin , Ioana O. Bercea , Mayank Goswami , Nutan Limaye , Adarsh Srinivasan

Parity-SAT is the problem of determining whether a given CNF formula has an odd number of satisfying assignments. As a canonical $\oplus$P-complete problem, it represents a fundamental variant of the exact model counting problem (#SAT).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sanjay Jain , Junqiang Peng , Frank Stephan , Haoyun Tang , Mingyu Xiao

PPSZ, for long time the fastest known algorithm for $k$-SAT, works by going through the variables of the input formula in random order; each variable is then set randomly to $0$ or $1$, unless the correct value can be inferred by an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Dominik Scheder

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) models many important intractable NP-hard problems such as propositional satisfiability problem (SAT). Algorithms with non-trivial upper bounds on running time for restricted SAT with bounded clause…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-01-22 Liang Li , Xin Li , Tian Liu , Ke Xu

Consider a random $k$-CNF formula $F_{k}(n, rn)$ with $n$ variables and $rn$ clauses. For every truth assignment $\sigma\in \{0, 1\}^{n}$ and every clause $c=\ell_{1}\vee\cdots\vee\ell_{k}$, let $d=d(\sigma, c)$ be the number of satisfied…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-10-17 Zongsheng Gao , Jun Liu , Ke Xu

We prove that for any $k\geq3$ for clause/variable ratios up to the Gibbs uniqueness threshold of the corresponding Galton-Watson tree, the number of satisfying assignments of random $k$-SAT formulas is given by the `replica symmetric…

We describe an algorithm to solve the problem of Boolean CNF-Satisfiability when the input formula is chosen randomly. We build upon the algorithms of Sch{\"{o}}ning 1999 and Dantsin et al.~in 2002. The Sch{\"{o}}ning algorithm works by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Andrea Lincoln , Adam Yedidia

In this work we propose and analyze a simple randomized algorithm to find a satisfiable assignment for a Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) having at most 3 literals in every clause. Given a k-CNF formula phi on n variables,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Subhas Kumar Ghosh , Janardan Misra

The Random K-Satisfiability Problem, consisting in verifying the existence of an assignment of N Boolean variables that satisfy a set of M=alpha N random logical clauses containing K variables each, is studied using the replica symmetric…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-28 R. Monasson , R. Zecchina

The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren

3-SAT problem is of great importance to many technical and scientific applications. This paper presents a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm for solving this satisfiability problem. 3-SAT problem has the huge search space and hence it is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-24 Nasser Lotfi , Jamshid Tamouk , Mina Farmanbar