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Specialized clinical AI assistants are rapidly entering medical practice, often framed as safer or more reliable than general-purpose large language models (LLMs). Yet, unlike frontier models, these clinical tools are rarely subjected to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Krithik Vishwanath , Mrigayu Ghosh , Anton Alyakin , Daniel Alexander Alber , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs , Eric Karl Oermann

In the rapidly advancing domain of artificial intelligence, state-of-the-art language models such as OpenAI's GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4 offer unprecedented opportunities for automating complex tasks. This research paper delves into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Junwon Sung , Woojin Heo , Yunkyung Byun , Youngsam Kim

The rapid advancement of large language models has opened new avenues for automating complex problem-solving tasks such as algorithmic coding and competitive programming. This paper introduces a novel evaluation technique, LLM-ProS, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Md Sifat Hossain , Anika Tabassum , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Background: Advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), have the potential to enhance technical expertise in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), regardless of operator skill or geographic location. Methods:…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Alan B McMillan

We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 OpenAI , Josh Achiam , Steven Adler , Sandhini Agarwal , Lama Ahmad , Ilge Akkaya , Florencia Leoni Aleman , Diogo Almeida , Janko Altenschmidt , Sam Altman , Shyamal Anadkat , Red Avila , Igor Babuschkin , Suchir Balaji , Valerie Balcom , Paul Baltescu , Haiming Bao , Mohammad Bavarian , Jeff Belgum , Irwan Bello , Jake Berdine , Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro , Christopher Berner , Lenny Bogdonoff , Oleg Boiko , Madelaine Boyd , Anna-Luisa Brakman , Greg Brockman , Tim Brooks , Miles Brundage , Kevin Button , Trevor Cai , Rosie Campbell , Andrew Cann , Brittany Carey , Chelsea Carlson , Rory Carmichael , Brooke Chan , Che Chang , Fotis Chantzis , Derek Chen , Sully Chen , Ruby Chen , Jason Chen , Mark Chen , Ben Chess , Chester Cho , Casey Chu , Hyung Won Chung , Dave Cummings , Jeremiah Currier , Yunxing Dai , Cory Decareaux , Thomas Degry , Noah Deutsch , Damien Deville , Arka Dhar , David Dohan , Steve Dowling , Sheila Dunning , Adrien Ecoffet , Atty Eleti , Tyna Eloundou , David Farhi , Liam Fedus , Niko Felix , Simón Posada Fishman , Juston Forte , Isabella Fulford , Leo Gao , Elie Georges , Christian Gibson , Vik Goel , Tarun Gogineni , Gabriel Goh , Rapha Gontijo-Lopes , Jonathan Gordon , Morgan Grafstein , Scott Gray , Ryan Greene , Joshua Gross , Shixiang Shane Gu , Yufei Guo , Chris Hallacy , Jesse Han , Jeff Harris , Yuchen He , Mike Heaton , Johannes Heidecke , Chris Hesse , Alan Hickey , Wade Hickey , Peter Hoeschele , Brandon Houghton , Kenny Hsu , Shengli Hu , Xin Hu , Joost Huizinga , Shantanu Jain , Shawn Jain , Joanne Jang , Angela Jiang , Roger Jiang , Haozhun Jin , Denny Jin , Shino Jomoto , Billie Jonn , Heewoo Jun , Tomer Kaftan , Łukasz Kaiser , Ali Kamali , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Tabarak Khan , Logan Kilpatrick , Jong Wook Kim , Christina Kim , Yongjik Kim , Jan Hendrik Kirchner , Jamie Kiros , Matt Knight , Daniel Kokotajlo , Łukasz Kondraciuk , Andrew Kondrich , Aris Konstantinidis , Kyle Kosic , Gretchen Krueger , Vishal Kuo , Michael Lampe , Ikai Lan , Teddy Lee , Jan Leike , Jade Leung , Daniel Levy , Chak Ming Li , Rachel Lim , Molly Lin , Stephanie Lin , Mateusz Litwin , Theresa Lopez , Ryan Lowe , Patricia Lue , Anna Makanju , Kim Malfacini , Sam Manning , Todor Markov , Yaniv Markovski , Bianca Martin , Katie Mayer , Andrew Mayne , Bob McGrew , Scott Mayer McKinney , Christine McLeavey , Paul McMillan , Jake McNeil , David Medina , Aalok Mehta , Jacob Menick , Luke Metz , Andrey Mishchenko , Pamela Mishkin , Vinnie Monaco , Evan Morikawa , Daniel Mossing , Tong Mu , Mira Murati , Oleg Murk , David Mély , Ashvin Nair , Reiichiro Nakano , Rajeev Nayak , Arvind Neelakantan , Richard Ngo , Hyeonwoo Noh , Long Ouyang , Cullen O'Keefe , Jakub Pachocki , Alex Paino , Joe Palermo , Ashley Pantuliano , Giambattista Parascandolo , Joel Parish , Emy Parparita , Alex Passos , Mikhail Pavlov , Andrew Peng , Adam Perelman , Filipe de Avila Belbute Peres , Michael Petrov , Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto , Michael , Pokorny , Michelle Pokrass , Vitchyr H. Pong , Tolly Powell , Alethea Power , Boris Power , Elizabeth Proehl , Raul Puri , Alec Radford , Jack Rae , Aditya Ramesh , Cameron Raymond , Francis Real , Kendra Rimbach , Carl Ross , Bob Rotsted , Henri Roussez , Nick Ryder , Mario Saltarelli , Ted Sanders , Shibani Santurkar , Girish Sastry , Heather Schmidt , David Schnurr , John Schulman , Daniel Selsam , Kyla Sheppard , Toki Sherbakov , Jessica Shieh , Sarah Shoker , Pranav Shyam , Szymon Sidor , Eric Sigler , Maddie Simens , Jordan Sitkin , Katarina Slama , Ian Sohl , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Yang Song , Natalie Staudacher , Felipe Petroski Such , Natalie Summers , Ilya Sutskever , Jie Tang , Nikolas Tezak , Madeleine B. Thompson , Phil Tillet , Amin Tootoonchian , Elizabeth Tseng , Preston Tuggle , Nick Turley , Jerry Tworek , Juan Felipe Cerón Uribe , Andrea Vallone , Arun Vijayvergiya , Chelsea Voss , Carroll Wainwright , Justin Jay Wang , Alvin Wang , Ben Wang , Jonathan Ward , Jason Wei , CJ Weinmann , Akila Welihinda , Peter Welinder , Jiayi Weng , Lilian Weng , Matt Wiethoff , Dave Willner , Clemens Winter , Samuel Wolrich , Hannah Wong , Lauren Workman , Sherwin Wu , Jeff Wu , Michael Wu , Kai Xiao , Tao Xu , Sarah Yoo , Kevin Yu , Qiming Yuan , Wojciech Zaremba , Rowan Zellers , Chong Zhang , Marvin Zhang , Shengjia Zhao , Tianhao Zheng , Juntang Zhuang , William Zhuk , Barret Zoph

This study investigates the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) as tools for grading master-level student essays. Utilizing a sample of 60 essays in political science, the study compares the accuracy of grades suggested by the GPT-4…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-25 Magnus Lundgren

We present HealthBench, an open-source benchmark measuring the performance and safety of large language models in healthcare. HealthBench consists of 5,000 multi-turn conversations between a model and an individual user or healthcare…

The evaluation of large language models is an essential task in the field of language understanding and generation. As language models continue to advance, the need for effective benchmarks to assess their performance has become imperative.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Chan-Jan Hsu , Chang-Le Liu , Feng-Ting Liao , Po-Chun Hsu , Yi-Chang Chen , Da-shan Shiu

Construction remains one of the most hazardous sectors. Recent advancements in AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), offer promising opportunities for enhancing workplace safety. However, responsible integration of LLMs requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Farouq Sammour , Jia Xu , Xi Wang , Mo Hu , Zhenyu Zhang

The integration of artificial intelligence into various domains is rapidly increasing, with Large Language Models (LLMs) becoming more prevalent in numerous applications. This work is included in an overall project which aims to train an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Christophe Bajan , Guillaume Lambard

This study systematically evaluates 27 frontier Large Language Models on eight biology benchmarks spanning molecular biology, genetics, cloning, virology, and biosecurity. Models from major AI developers released between November 2022 and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Lennart Justen

The accurate classification of student help requests with respect to the type of help being sought can enable the tailoring of effective responses. Automatically classifying such requests is non-trivial, but large language models (LLMs)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jaromir Savelka , Paul Denny , Mark Liffiton , Brad Sheese

As educational systems evolve, ensuring that assessment items remain aligned with content standards is essential for maintaining fairness and instructional relevance. Traditional human alignment reviews are accurate but slow and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi , Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

The GPT-3.5 models have demonstrated impressive performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, showcasing their strong understanding and reasoning capabilities. However, their robustness and abilities to handle various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Xuanting Chen , Junjie Ye , Can Zu , Nuo Xu , Rui Zheng , Minlong Peng , Jie Zhou , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Cybersecurity education is challenging and it is helpful for educators to understand Large Language Models' (LLMs') capabilities for supporting education. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LLMs in conducting a variety of penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen , Thomas Welsh

The auditing of financial documents, historically a labor-intensive process, stands on the precipice of transformation. AI-driven solutions have made inroads into streamlining this process by recommending pertinent text passages from…

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) such as GPT-3 have acquired a surprising ability to perform zero-shot learning. For example, to classify sentiment without any training examples, we can "prompt" the LM with the review and the label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Ruiqi Zhong , Kristy Lee , Zheng Zhang , Dan Klein

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential for automated code generation, yet their ability to iteratively refine solutions using execution feedback remains underexplored. Competitive programming offers an ideal testbed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anika Tabassum , Md Sifat Hossain , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tariqul Islam , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the performance of seven different Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving a diverse set of math advanced calculus problems. The study aims to evaluate these models' accuracy, reliability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 In Hak Moon

The proliferation of fake reviews of doctors has potentially detrimental consequences for patient well-being and has prompted concern among consumer protection groups and regulatory bodies. Yet despite significant advancements in the fields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Aishwarya Deep Shukla , Laksh Agarwal , Jie Mein , Goh , Guodong , Gao , Ritu Agarwal