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The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) has been an essential tool in text compression and indexing. First introduced in 1994, it went on to provide the backbone for the first encoding of the classic suffix tree data structure in space close to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Jason Bentley , Daniel Gibney , Sharma V. Thankachan

The rapid growth of symbolic data in areas like internet, biological, and financial data has increased the demand for efficient pattern matching and regular expression processing. Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) are used for these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ryan Karbowniczak Rasha Karakchi

Given a non-deterministic finite automaton (NFA) A with m states, and a natural number n (presented in unary), the #NFA problem asks to determine the size of the set L(A_n) of words of length n accepted by A. While the corresponding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Kuldeep S. Meel , Sourav Chakraborty , Umang Mathur

A word w is called synchronizing (recurrent, reset, directed) word of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if w sends all states of the automaton on a unique state. Jan Cerny had found in 1964 a sequence of n-state complete DFA with…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-09-11 A. N. Trahtman

Weighted finite-state machines are a fundamental building block of NLP systems. They have withstood the test of time -- from their early use in noisy channel models in the 1990s up to modern-day neurally parameterized conditional random…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ran Zmigrod , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell

We propose a query learning algorithm for residual symbolic finite automata (RSFAs). Symbolic finite automata (SFAs) are finite automata whose transitions are labeled by predicates over a Boolean algebra, in which a big collection of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Kaizaburo Chubachi , Diptarama Hendrian , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

In this paper, we study the approximate minimization problem of weighted finite automata (WFAs): to compute the best possible approximation of a WFA given a bound on the number of states. By reformulating the problem in terms of Hankel…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Clara Lacroce , Borja Balle , Prakash Panangaden , Guillaume Rabusseau

We study extremal and algorithmic questions of subset and careful synchronization in monotonic automata. We show that several synchronization problems that are hard in general automata can be solved in polynomial time in monotonic automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Andrew Ryzhikov , Anton Shemyakov

Let $G$ be a directed graph on $n$ vertices. Given an integer $k<=n$, the SIMPLE $k$-PATH problem asks whether there exists a simple $k$-path in $G$. In case $G$ is weighted, the MIN-WT SIMPLE $k$-PATH problem asks for a simple $k$-path in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Ran Ben-Basat , Ariel Gabizon

A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is composite if its language can be decomposed into an intersection of languages of smaller DFAs. Otherwise, A is prime. This notion of primality was introduced by Kupferman and Mosheiff in 2013, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Ismaël Jecker , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Petra Wolf

One-way quantum finite automata together with classical states (1QFAC) proposed in [Journal of Computer and System Sciences 81(2) (2015) 359--375] is a new one-way quantum finite automata (1QFA) model that integrates quantum finite automata…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu

The work presents some new algorithms realized recently in the package TESTAS. They decide whether or not deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is synchronizing, several procedures find relatively short synchronizing words and a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Avraham N. Trahtman

Partition refinement is a method for minimizing automata and transition systems of various types. Recently, we have developed a partition refinement algorithm that is generic in the transition type of the given system and matches the run…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Thorsten Wißmann , Hans-Peter Deifel , Stefan Milius , Lutz Schröder

The identification of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from labeled examples is a well-studied problem in the literature; however, prior work focuses on the identification of monolithic DFAs. Although monolithic DFAs provide accurate…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Niklas Lauffer , Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Sanjit A. Seshia

It is proved that every regular expression of alphabetic width $n$, that is, with $n$ occurrences of symbols of the alphabet, can be transformed into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with $2^{\frac{n}{2}+(\frac{\log_2…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Olga Martynova , Alexander Okhotin

The state complexity of a Deterministic Finite-state automaton (DFA) is the number of states in its minimal equivalent DFA. We study the state complexity of random $n$-state DFAs over a $k$-symbol alphabet, drawn uniformly from the set…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Daniel Berend , Aryeh Kontorovich

The notion of Wheeler languages is rooted in the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), one of the most central concepts in data compression and indexing. The BWT has been generalized to finite automata, the so-called Wheeler automata, by Gagie…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ruben Becker , Giuseppa Castiglione , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza , Antonio Restivo , Brian Riccardi

Weighted finite-state automata (WSFAs) are commonly used in NLP. Failure transitions are a useful extension for compactly representing backoffs or interpolation in $n$-gram models and CRFs, which are special cases of WFSAs. The pathsum in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Anej Svete , Benjamin Dayan , Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell , Jason Eisner

Many graph algorithms can be viewed as sets of rules that are iteratively applied, with the number of iterations dependent on the size and complexity of the input graph. Existing machine learning architectures often struggle to represent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Florian Grötschla , Joël Mathys , Christoffer Raun , Roger Wattenhofer

A goal of this paper is to introduce the new construction of an automaton with shortest synchronizing word of length $O(d^{\frac{n}{d}})$, where $d \in \mathbb{N}$ and $n$ is the number of states for that automaton. Additionally we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Jakub Ruszil