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The relevance of optimal transport methods to machine learning has long been hindered by two salient limitations. First, the $O(n^3)$ computational cost of standard sample-based solvers (when used on batches of $n$ samples) is prohibitive.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Meyer Scetbon , Michal Klein , Giovanni Palla , Marco Cuturi

Machine learning (ML) techniques have recently enabled enormous gains in sensitivity to new phenomena across the sciences. In particle physics, much of this progress has relied on excellent simulations of a wide range of physical processes.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-10-20 Malte Algren , Tobias Golling , Francesco Armando Di Bello , Christopher Pollard

To remedy the drawbacks of full-mass or fixed-mass constraints in classical optimal transport, we propose adaptive optimal transport which is distinctive from the classical optimal transport in its ability of adaptive-mass preserving. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Pei Yang , Qi Tan , Guihua Wen

Recently, linear regression models incorporating an optimal transport (OT) loss have been explored for applications such as supervised unmixing of spectra, music transcription, and mass spectrometry. However, these task-specific approaches…

We propose a general framework of mass transport between vector-valued measures, which will be called simultaneous optimal transport (SOT). The new framework is motivated by the need to transport resources of different types simultaneously,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-12-23 Ruodu Wang , Zhenyuan Zhang

We study multi-marginal optimal transport (MOT) problems where the underlying cost has a graphical structure. These graphical multi-marginal optimal transport problems have found applications in several domains including traffic flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Jiaojiao Fan , Isabel Haasler , Qinsheng Zhang , Johan Karlsson , Yongxin Chen

Optimal Transport (OT) distances are now routinely used as loss functions in ML tasks. Yet, computing OT distances between arbitrary (i.e. not necessarily discrete) probability distributions remains an open problem. This paper introduces a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Arthur Mensch , Gabriel Peyré

Optimal transport (OT) has become a widely used tool in the machine learning field to measure the discrepancy between probability distributions. For instance, OT is a popular loss function that quantifies the discrepancy between an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Shintaro Nakamura , Han Bao , Masashi Sugiyama

Regularized discrete optimal transport (OT) is a powerful tool to measure the distance between two discrete distributions that have been constructed from data samples on two different domains. While it has a wide range of applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Yasutoshi Ida , Sekitoshi Kanai , Kazuki Adachi , Atsutoshi Kumagai , Yasuhiro Fujiwara

Optimal transport (OT) theory provides powerful tools to compare probability measures. However, OT is limited to nonnegative measures having the same mass, and suffers serious drawbacks about its computation and statistics. This leads to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-26 Tam Le , Truyen Nguyen

Optimal transport (OT) distances are finding evermore applications in machine learning and computer vision, but their wide spread use in larger-scale problems is impeded by their high computational cost. In this work we develop a family of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Brahim Khalil Abid , Robert M. Gower

Learning to align multiple datasets is an important problem with many applications, and it is especially useful when we need to integrate multiple experiments or correct for confounding. Optimal transport (OT) is a principled approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Ruishan Liu , Akshay Balsubramani , James Zou

The optimal transport (OT) problem has gained significant traction in modern machine learning for its ability to: (1) provide versatile metrics, such as Wasserstein distances and their variants, and (2) determine optimal couplings between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinran Liu , Rocío Díaz Martín , Yikun Bai , Ashkan Shahbazi , Matthew Thorpe , Akram Aldroubi , Soheil Kolouri

Optimal transport (OT) theory has been been used in machine learning to study and characterize maps that can push-forward efficiently a probability measure onto another. Recent works have drawn inspiration from Brenier's theorem, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Théo Uscidda , Marco Cuturi

In online incremental learning, data continuously arrives with substantial distributional shifts, creating a significant challenge because previous samples have limited replay value when learning a new task. Prior research has typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Quyen Tran , Hai Nguyen , Hoang Phan , Quan Dao , Linh Ngo , Khoat Than , Dinh Phung , Dimitris Metaxas , Trung Le

We propose dynamical optimal transport (OT) problems constrained in a parameterized probability subset. In application problems such as deep learning, the probability distribution is often generated by a parameterized mapping function. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Wuchen Li , Stanley Osher

Over the several recent years, there has been a boom in development of Flow Matching (FM) methods for generative modeling. One intriguing property pursued by the community is the ability to learn flows with straight trajectories which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Nikita Kornilov , Petr Mokrov , Alexander Gasnikov , Alexander Korotin

In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for path planning and scheduling for multi-robot navigation that is based on optimal transport theory and model predictive control. We consider a setup where $N$ robots are tasked to navigate to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Usman A. Khan , Mouhacine Benosman , Wenliang Liu , Federico Pecora , Joseph W. Durham

This paper considers the decentralized (discrete) optimal transport (D-OT) problem. In this setting, a network of agents seeks to design a transportation plan jointly, where the cost function is the sum of privately held costs for each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Ivan Lau , Shiqian Ma , César A. Uribe

The inherent safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is prone to erosion during fine-tuning, even when using seemingly innocuous datasets. While existing defenses attempt to mitigate this via data selection, they typically rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haozhong Wang , Zhuo Li , Yibo Yang , He Zhao , Hongyuan Zha , Dandan Guo