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The complicated syntax structure of natural language is hard to be explicitly modeled by sequence-based models. Graph is a natural structure to describe the complicated relation between tokens. The recent advance in Graph Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wei Li , Shuheng Li , Shuming Ma , Yancheng He , Deli Chen , Xu Sun

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning architectures for machine learning problems on graphs. It has recently been shown that the expressiveness of GNNs can be characterised precisely by the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Martin Grohe

We propose a novel expressivity framework for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) grounded in Boolean function theory, enabling a fine-grained analysis of their ability to capture complex subpopulation structures. We introduce the notion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Manjish Pal

A hypergraph consists of a set of nodes along with a collection of subsets of the nodes called hyperedges. Higher-order link prediction is the task of predicting the existence of a missing hyperedge in a hypergraph. A hyperedge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Simon Zhang , Cheng Xin , Tamal K. Dey

Relational databases (RDBs) are ubiquitous in enterprise and real-world applications. Flattening the database poses challenges for deep learning models that rely on fixed-size input representations to capture relational semantics from the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Md. Tanvir Alam , Md. Ahasanul Alam , Md Mahmudur Rahman , Md. Mosaddek Khan

Graph kernels are historically the most widely-used technique for graph classification tasks. However, these methods suffer from limited performance because of the hand-crafted combinatorial features of graphs. In recent years, graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Aosong Feng , Chenyu You , Shiqiang Wang , Leandros Tassiulas

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be effective in processing and learning from graph-structured data. However, previous works mainly focused on understanding single graph inputs while many real-world applications require pair-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Junhyun Lee , Bumsoo Kim , Minji Jeon , Jaewoo Kang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to learn vector representation of graph-structured data and achieved better task performance than conventional methods. The foundation of GNNs is the message passing procedure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kazushi Ikeda

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for graph classification and representation learning. However, GNNs tend to suffer from over-smoothing problems and are vulnerable to graph perturbations. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Yuzhou Chen , Baris Coskunuzer , Yulia R. Gel

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a broad class of connectionist models for graph processing. Recent studies have shown that GNNs can approximate any function on graphs, modulo the equivalence relation on graphs defined by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Giuseppe Alessio D'Inverno , Monica Bianchini , Maria Lucia Sampoli , Franco Scarselli

We formulate an XAI-based model improvement approach for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for node classification, called Explanation Enhanced Graph Learning (EEGL). The goal is to improve predictive performance of GNN using explanations. EEGL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Harish G. Naik , Jan Polster , Raj Shekhar , Tamás Horváth , György Turán

Graph neural networks are prominent models for representation learning over graph-structured data. While the capabilities and limitations of these models are well-understood for simple graphs, our understanding remains incomplete in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xingyue Huang , Miguel Romero Orth , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Pablo Barceló

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful category of learning architecture for handling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs typically ignore crucial structural characteristics in node-induced subgraphs, which thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Kaixuan Chen , Shunyu Liu , Tongtian Zhu , Tongya Zheng , Haofei Zhang , Zunlei Feng , Jingwen Ye , Mingli Song

Standard deep learning architectures used for classification generate label predictions with a projection head and softmax activation function. Although successful, these methods fail to leverage the relational information between samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jason Brown , Bohan Chen , Harris Hardiman-Mostow , Jeff Calder , Andrea L. Bertozzi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely used for the representation learning of various structured graph data. While promising, most existing GNNs oversimplified the complexity and diversity of the edges in the graph, and thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Hao Peng , Ruitong Zhang , Yingtong Dou , Renyu Yang , Jingyi Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Graph Transformer has recently received wide attention in the research community with its outstanding performance, yet its structural expressive power has not been well analyzed. Inspired by the connections between Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenhao Zhu , Tianyu Wen , Guojie Song , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently caught great attention and achieved significant progress in graph-level applications. In this paper, we propose a framework for graph neural networks with multiresolution Haar-like wavelets, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xuebin Zheng , Bingxin Zhou , Ming Li , Yu Guang Wang , Junbin Gao

Recently, many works studied the expressive power of graph neural networks (GNNs) by linking it to the $1$-dimensional Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm ($1\text{-}\mathsf{WL}$). Here, the $1\text{-}\mathsf{WL}$ is a well-studied heuristic for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Christopher Morris , Floris Geerts , Jan Tönshoff , Martin Grohe

Explaining graph neural networks (GNNs) has become more and more important recently. Higher-order interpretation schemes, such as GNN-LRP (layer-wise relevance propagation for GNN), emerged as powerful tools for unraveling how different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ping Xiong , Thomas Schnake , Grégoire Montavon , Klaus-Robert Müller , Shinichi Nakajima

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generalize deep neural networks to graph-structured data, have drawn considerable attention and achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous graph related tasks. However, existing GNN models mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Zhen Zhang , Jiajun Bu , Martin Ester , Jianfeng Zhang , Chengwei Yao , Zhi Yu , Can Wang