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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a crucial role in fostering transparency and trust in AI systems, where traditional XAI approaches typically offer one level of abstraction for explanations, often in the form of heatmaps…

With recent progress in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and increasing use in practice, the need for an evaluation of different XAI methods and their explanation quality in practical usage scenarios arises. For this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Marc Hanussek , Falko Kötter , Maximilien Kintz , Jens Drawehn

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods are currently evaluated with approaches mostly originated in interpretable machine learning (IML) research that focus on understanding models such as comparison against existing attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Shideh Shams Amiri , Rosina O. Weber , Prateek Goel , Owen Brooks , Archer Gandley , Brian Kitchell , Aaron Zehm

Despite the growing interest in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), explainability is rarely considered during hyperparameter tuning or neural architecture optimization, where the focus remains primarily on minimizing predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alexander Hinterleitner , Thomas Bartz-Beielstein

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research…

While the emerging research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) claims to address the lack of explainability in high-performance machine learning models, in practice, XAI targets developers rather than actual end-users.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Lukas-Valentin Herm

We propose a framework for interactive and explainable machine learning that enables users to (1) understand machine learning models; (2) diagnose model limitations using different explainable AI methods; as well as (3) refine and optimize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Thilo Spinner , Udo Schlegel , Hanna Schäfer , Mennatallah El-Assady

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine has made significant progress with emerging applications in medical imaging, patient care, and other areas. While these applications have proven successful in retrospective studies, very few of them were…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Nicoletta Prentzas , Antonis Kakas , Constantinos S. Pattichis

Recently, post hoc explanation methods have emerged to enhance model transparency by attributing model outputs to input features. However, these methods face challenges due to their specificity to certain neural network architectures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Seongun Kim , Sol A Kim , Geonhyeong Kim , Enver Menadjiev , Chanwoo Lee , Seongwook Chung , Nari Kim , Jaesik Choi

Given the sheer volume of surgical procedures and the significant rate of postoperative fatalities, assessing and managing surgical complications has become a critical public health concern. Existing artificial intelligence (AI) tools for…

The increasing size and complexity of machine learning (ML) models have driven the growing need for custom hardware accelerators capable of efficiently supporting ML workloads. However, the design of such accelerators remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Raymond Baartmans , Andrew Ensinger , Victor Agostinelli , Lizhong Chen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), i.e., the development of more transparent and interpretable AI models, has gained increased traction over the last few years. This is due to the fact that, in conjunction with their growth into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Erika Puiutta , Eric MSP Veith

Explainable AI (XAI) has been investigated for decades and, together with AI itself, has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. Among various approaches to XAI, argumentative models have been advocated in both the AI and social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Kristijonas Čyras , Antonio Rago , Emanuele Albini , Pietro Baroni , Francesca Toni

A central goal of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is to improve the trust relationship in human-AI interaction. One assumption underlying research in transparent AI systems is that explanations help to better assess predictions of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Felix Biessmann , Viktor Treu

Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning in general have demonstrated remarkable performances in many tasks, from image processing to natural language processing, especially with the advent of deep learning. Along with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Erico Tjoa , Cuntai Guan

In this work, we report the practical and theoretical aspects of Explainable AI (XAI) identified in some fundamental literature. Although there is a vast body of work on representing the XAI backgrounds, most of the corpuses pinpoint a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Nazanin Fouladgar , Kary Främling

Artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning systems are reshaping education through data-driven adaptation of learning experiences. Yet many of these systems lack transparency, offering limited insight into how decisions are made. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Maryam Mosleh , Marie Devlin , Ellis Solaiman

Algorithms used by organizations increasingly wield power in society as they decide the allocation of key resources and basic goods. In order to promote fairer, juster, and more transparent uses of such decision-making power, explainable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Travis Greene , Sofie Goethals , David Martens , Galit Shmueli

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens