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Reinforcement learning has been applied in operation research and has shown promise in solving large combinatorial optimization problems. However, existing works focus on developing neural network architectures for certain problems. These…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Ching Pui Wan , Tung Li , Jason Min Wang

Standard reward models typically predict scalar scores that fail to capture the multifaceted nature of response quality in non-verifiable domains, such as creative writing or open-ended instruction following. To address this limitation, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ran Xu , Tianci Liu , Zihan Dong , Tony Yu , Ilgee Hong , Carl Yang , Linjun Zhang , Tao Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Meta-learning algorithms use past experience to learn to quickly solve new tasks. In the context of reinforcement learning, meta-learning algorithms acquire reinforcement learning procedures to solve new problems more efficiently by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Abhishek Gupta , Benjamin Eysenbach , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

The paper introduces an interactive machine learning mechanism to process the measurements of an uncertain, nonlinear dynamic process and hence advise an actuation strategy in real-time. For concept demonstration, a trajectory-following…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Mohammed Abouheaf , Derek Boase , Wail Gueaieb , Davide Spinello , Salah Al-Sharhan

Although reinforcement learning has seen tremendous success recently, this kind of trial-and-error learning can be impractical or inefficient in complex environments. The use of demonstrations, on the other hand, enables agents to benefit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Tongzhou Mu , Hao Su

Several researchers have recently investigated the connection between reinforcement learning and classification. We are motivated by proposals of approximate policy iteration schemes without value functions which focus on policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-06 Christos Dimitrakakis , Michail G. Lagoudakis

Reinforcement learning is a powerful paradigm for learning optimal policies from experimental data. However, to find optimal policies, most reinforcement learning algorithms explore all possible actions, which may be harmful for real-world…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Felix Berkenkamp , Matteo Turchetta , Angela P. Schoellig , Andreas Krause

Deep reinforcement learning enables algorithms to learn complex behavior, deal with continuous action spaces and find good strategies in environments with high dimensional state spaces. With deep reinforcement learning being an active area…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Winfried Lötzsch

In this paper, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning method to synthesize control policies for motion planning problems with continuous states and actions. The robot is modelled as a labeled discrete-time Markov decision process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chuanzheng Wang , Yinan Li , Stephen L. Smith , Jun Liu

Using the policy gradient algorithm, we train a single-hidden-layer neural network to balance a physically accurate simulation of a single inverted pendulum. The trained weights and biases can then be transferred to a physical agent, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Dylan Bates

In some reinforcement learning problems an agent may be provided with a set of input policies, perhaps learned from prior experience or provided by advisors. We present a reinforcement learning with policy advice (RLPA) algorithm which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-19 Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Alessandro Lazaric , Emma Brunskill

Machine unlearning refers to the process of mitigating the influence of specific training data on machine learning models based on removal requests from data owners. However, one important area that has been largely overlooked in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Derui Wang , Kun Gao , Zewei Shi , Sheng Shen , Wanlei Zhou , Minhui Xue

Decoding strategies largely determine the quality of Large Language Model (LLM) outputs, yet widely used heuristics such as greedy or fixed temperature/top-p decoding are static and often task-agnostic, leading to suboptimal or inconsistent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Asmita Bhardwaj , Yuya Jeremy Ong , Eelaaf Zahid , Basel Shbita

Off-policy reinforcement learning has many applications including: learning from demonstration, learning multiple goal seeking policies in parallel, and representing predictive knowledge. Recently there has been an proliferation of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-01 Adam White , Martha White

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods for training large language models (LLMs) require ground-truth labels or task-specific verifiers, limiting scalability when correctness is ambiguous or expensive to obtain. We introduce Reinforcement…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Micah Rentschler , Jesse Roberts

Many real-world sequential decision making problems are partially observable by nature, and the environment model is typically unknown. Consequently, there is great need for reinforcement learning methods that can tackle such problems given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Maximilian Igl , Luisa Zintgraf , Tuan Anh Le , Frank Wood , Shimon Whiteson

We investigate the use of Reinforcement Learning for the optimal execution of meta-orders, where the objective is to execute incrementally large orders while minimizing implementation shortfall and market impact over an extended period of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-20 Tomas Espana , Yadh Hafsi , Fabrizio Lillo , Edoardo Vittori

Learning-based approaches for solving large sequential decision making problems have become popular in recent years. The resulting agents perform differently and their characteristics depend on those of the underlying learning approach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Timo P. Gros , Daniel Höller , Jörg Hoffmann , Verena Wolf

Policy-gradient approaches to reinforcement learning have two common and undesirable overhead procedures, namely warm-start training and sample variance reduction. In this paper, we describe a reinforcement learning method based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Nan Ding , Radu Soricut

Conventional reinforcement learning (RL) methods can successfully solve a wide range of sequential decision problems. However, learning policies that can generalize predictably across multiple tasks in a setting with non-Markovian reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Guillermo Infante , David Kuric , Anders Jonsson , Vicenç Gómez , Herke van Hoof