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It is of extreme importance to monitor and manage the battery health to enhance the performance and decrease the maintenance cost of operating electric vehicles. This paper concerns the machine-learning-enabled state-of-health (SoH)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Matti Huotari , Shashank Arora , Avleen Malhi , Kary Främling

This article presents a novel empirical study for the estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which uses a deep learning model with three hidden layers. We model a series of ten vehicle drive cycles that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 Alexandre Barbosa de Lima , Maurício B. C. Salles , José Roberto Cardoso

One of the most crucial challenges faced by the Li-ion battery community concerns the search for the minimum time charging without irreversibly damaging the cells. This can fall into solving large-scale nonlinear optimal control problems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-26 Saehong Park , Andrea Pozzi , Michael Whitmeyer , Hector Perez , Won Tae Joe , Davide M Raimondo , Scott Moura

LixTMO2 (TM=Ni, Co, Mn) forms an important family of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, whose performance is strongly governed by Li composition-dependent crystal structure and phase stability. Here, we use LixCoO2 (LCO) as a model…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-02-20 G. H. Teichert , S. Das , M. Faghih Shojaei , J. Holber , T. Mueller , L. Hung , V. Gavini , K. Garikipati

Liquid Metal Batteries (LMBs) are a promising concept for cheap electrical energy storage at grid level. These are built as a stable density stratification of three liquid layers, with two liquid metals separated by a molten salt. In order…

Modeling lithium-ion battery (LIB) degradation offers significant cost savings and enhances the safety and reliability of electric vehicles (EVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Whilst data-driven methods have received great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 James Sadler , Rizwaan Mohammed , Michael Castle , Kotub Uddin

In this article the Butler-Volmer equation used in describing Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is discussed. First, a complete mathematical model based on a macro-homogeneous approach developed by Neuman is presented. Two common mistakes…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 A. M. Ramos , C. P. Please

We look into modeling fuel cell hybrid trains for the purpose of optimizing their operation using convex optimization. Models and constraints necessary to form a physically feasible yet convex problem are reviewed. This effort is described…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-26 Rabee Jibrin , Stuart Hillmansen , Clive Roberts

This paper presents a combination of machine learning techniques to enable prompt evaluation of retired electric vehicle batteries as to either retain those batteries for a second-life application and extend their operation beyond the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-10 Aki Takahashi , Anirudh Allam , Simona Onori

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries has gained extensive research interests, but most of existing methods are either based on simple rule-based charging profiles or require explicit battery models that are non-trivial to identify…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Kaixiang Zhang , Kaian Chen , Xinfan Lin , Yusheng Zheng , Xunyun Yin , Xiaosong Hu , Ziyou Song , Zhaojian Li

The Electric Vehicle (EV) Industry has seen extraordinary growth in the last few years. This is primarily due to an ever increasing awareness of the detrimental environmental effects of fossil fuel powered vehicles and availability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Aniruddh Herle , Janamejaya Channegowda , Dinakar Prabhu

Design patterns provide a systematic way to convey solutions to recurring modeling challenges. This paper introduces design patterns for hybrid modeling, an approach that combines modeling based on first principles with data-driven modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Maja Rudolph , Stefan Kurz , Barbara Rakitsch

Physics-based battery modelling has emerged to accelerate battery materials discovery and performance assessment. Its success, however, is still hindered by difficulties in aligning models to experimental data. Bayesian approaches are a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Yannick Kuhn , Masaki Adachi , Micha Philipp , David A. Howey , Birger Horstmann

Battery safety is important, yet safety limits are normally static and do not evolve as batteries degrade. Consequently, many battery systems are overengineered to meet increasingly stringent safety demands. In this work we show that…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Xinlei Gao , Ruihe Li , Gregory J. Offer , Huizhi Wang

This paper presents an online-capable controller for the energy management system of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle based on model predictive control. Its task is to minimize the vehicle's fuel consumption along a predicted driving…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-04 David Theodor Machacek , Stijn van Dooren , Thomas Huber , Christopher Onder

Ionic mobility determines the rate performance of several applications, such as batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical sensors and is exponentially dependent on the migration barrier ($E_m$), a difficult to measure/calculate quantity.…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-16 Reshma Devi , Keith T. Butler , Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam

The surging demand for new energy vehicles is driven by the imperative to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and enhance the ecological ambiance. By conducting behavioral analysis and mining usage patterns of new energy vehicles, particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Run-Xuan Tang

Driven by growing concerns over air quality and energy security, electric vehicles (EVs) has experienced rapid development and are reshaping global transportation systems and lifestyle patterns. Compared to traditional gasoline-powered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Hai Wang , Baoshen Guo , Xiaolei Zhou , Shuai Wang , Zhiqing Hong , Tian He

Accurate parameter dependent electro-chemical numerical models for lithium-ion batteries are essential in industrial application. The exact parameters of each battery cell are unknown and a process of estimation is necessary to infer them.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Andrea Petrocchi , Matthias K. Scharrer , Franz Pichler , Stefan Volkwein

Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is a critical global challenge; it demands advances at the levels of materials, devices, and systems for the efficient harvesting, storage, conversion, and management of renewable…