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Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm in which the agent learns from its environment through trial and error. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms represent the agent's policies using neural networks, making their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jasmina Gajcin , Jovan Jeromela , Ivana Dusparic

In many reinforcement learning (RL) applications one cannot easily let the agent act in the world; this is true for autonomous vehicles, healthcare applications, and even some recommender systems, to name a few examples. Offline RL provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ori Linial , Guy Tennenholtz , Uri Shalit

Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) have garnered attention as a novel approach to delivering personalized recommendations through multi-turn dialogues. This review developed a taxonomy framework to systematically categorize relevant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Haoran Zhang , Xin Zhao , Jinze Chen , Junpeng Guo

Sequential recommendation (SR) plays an important role in personalized recommender systems because it captures dynamic and diverse preferences from users' real-time increasing behaviors. Unlike the standard autoregressive training strategy,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Hengyu Zhang , Enming Yuan , Wei Guo , Zhicheng He , Jiarui Qin , Huifeng Guo , Bo Chen , Xiu Li , Ruiming Tang

Route recommendation systems commonly adopt a multi-stage pipeline involving fine-ranking and re-ranking to produce high-quality ordered recommendations. However, this paradigm faces three critical limitations. First, there is a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Chao Chen , Longfei Xu , Daohan Su , Tengfei Liu , Hanyu Guo , Yihai Duan , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu

In online advertising, recommender systems try to propose items from a list of products to potential customers according to their interests. Such systems have been increasingly deployed in E-commerce due to the rapid growth of information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Milad Vaali Esfahaani , Yanbo Xue , Peyman Setoodeh

Research and development on conversational recommender systems (CRSs) critically depends on sound and reliable evaluation methodologies. However, the interactive nature of these systems poses significant challenges for automatic evaluation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog

Agentic systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in recommender systems but remain hindered by several challenges. Fine-tuning LLMs is parameter-inefficient, and prompt-based agentic reasoning is limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Minh-Duc Nguyen , Hai-Dang Kieu , Dung D. Le

In this paper, we address the lifelong sequential behavior incomprehension problem in large language models (LLMs) for recommendation, where LLMs struggle to extract useful information from long user behavior sequences, even within their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Rong Shan , Jiachen Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Chenxu Zhu , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) faces substantial challenges when applied to real-life problems, primarily stemming from the scarcity of available data due to limited interactions with the environment. This limitation is exacerbated by the fact…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Cristiano Capone , Paolo Muratore

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommendation systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Jian Xu , Sichun Luo , Xiangyu Chen , Haoming Huang , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Generative recommendation (GenRec) models typically model user behavior via full attention, but scaling to lifelong sequences is hindered by prohibitive computational costs and noise accumulation from stochastic interactions. To address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yixiao Chen , Yuan Wang , Yue Liu , Qiyao Wang , Ke Cheng , Xin Xu , Juntong Yan , Shuojin Yang , Menghao Guo , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang

Optimizing user engagement is a key goal for modern recommendation systems, but blindly pushing users towards increased consumption risks burn-out, churn, or even addictive habits. To promote digital well-being, most platforms now offer a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Eden Saig , Nir Rosenfeld

Simulating step-wise human behavior with Large Language Models (LLMs) has become an emerging research direction, enabling applications in various practical domains. While prior methods, including prompting, supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziyi Wang , Yuxuan Lu , Yimeng Zhang , Jing Huang , Dakuo Wang

Large language model (LLM)-based recommender models that bridge users and items through textual prompts for effective semantic reasoning have gained considerable attention. However, few methods consider the underlying rationales behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Xinfeng Wang , Jin Cui , Yoshimi Suzuki , Fumiyo Fukumoto

Digital platforms such as social media and e-commerce websites adopt Recommender Systems to provide value to the user. However, the social consequences deriving from their adoption are still unclear. Many scholars argue that recommenders…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Erica Coppolillo , Simone Mungari , Ettore Ritacco , Francesco Fabbri , Marco Minici , Francesco Bonchi , Giuseppe Manco

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for recommender systems by capturing the nuanced semantics of user interests and item characteristics through rich semantic understanding and contextual reasoning. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Deogyong Kim , Junseong Lee , Jeongeun Lee , Changhoe Kim , Junguel Lee , Jungseok Lee , Dongha Lee

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been explored and verified to be effective in solving decision-making tasks in various domains, such as robotics, transportation, recommender systems, etc. It learns from the interaction with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Longchao Da , Justin Turnau , Thirulogasankar Pranav Kutralingam , Alvaro Velasquez , Paulo Shakarian , Hua Wei

As NLP evaluation shifts from static benchmarks to multi-turn interactive settings, LLM-based simulators have become widely used as user proxies, serving two roles: generating user turns and providing evaluation signals. Yet, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xuhui Zhou , Weiwei Sun , Qianou Ma , Yiqing Xie , Jiarui Liu , Weihua Du , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

We consider the problem of sequential recommendation, where the current recommendation is made based on past interactions. This recommendation task requires efficient processing of the sequential data and aims to provide recommendations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Xumei Xi , Yuke Zhao , Quan Liu , Liwen Ouyang , Yang Wu