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The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a variational ansatz that resembles the Trotterized dynamics of a Quantum Annealing (QA) protocol. This work formalizes this connection formally and empirically, showing the angles of…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum heuristic with empirical evidence of speedup over classical state-of-the-art for some problems. QAOA uses a parameterized circuit with $p$ layers, where higher $p$…

The parity transformation encodes spin models in the low-energy subspace of a larger Hilbert-space with constraints on a planar lattice. Applying the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), the constraints can either be enforced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-09 Kilian Ender , Anette Messinger , Michael Fellner , Clemens Dlaska , Wolfgang Lechner

Variational quantum algorithms have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary quantum algorithms research. While they have demonstrated considerable promise in solving problems of practical interest, efficiently determining the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Daniil Rabinovich , Andrey Kardashin , Soumik Adhikary

The ability of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) to deliver a quantum advantage on combinatorial optimization problems is still unclear. Recently, a scaling advantage over a classical solver was postulated to exist for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Thorge Müller , Ajainderpal Singh , Frank K. Wilhelm , Tim Bode

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that seeks to achieve approximate solutions to optimization problems by iteratively alternating between intervals of controlled quantum evolution.…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an appealing proposal to solve NP problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Making NISQ implementations of the QAOA resilient to noise requires short ansatz…

Variational Quantum optimization algorithms, such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) or the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), are among the most studied quantum algorithms. In our work, we evaluate and improve an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-24 David Winderl , Nicola Franco , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) constitutes one of the often mentioned candidates expected to yield a quantum boost in the era of near-term quantum computing. In practice, quantum optimization will have to compete with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-15 Charles Moussa , Henri Calandra , Vedran Dunjko

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

An enhanced framework of quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is introduced and the parameter setting strategies are analyzed. The enhanced QAOA is as effective as the QAOA but exhibits greater computing power and flexibility,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Mingyou Wu , Zhihao Liu , Hanwu Chen

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for achieving quantum advantage in combinatorial optimization. However, its variational framework presents a long-standing challenge in selecting circuit parameters.…

We demonstrate the application of the Google Sycamore superconducting qubit quantum processor to combinatorial optimization problems with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Like past QAOA experiments, we study…

The encoding of classical to quantum data mapping through trigonometric functions within arithmetic-based quantum computation algorithms leads to the exploitation of multivariate distributions. The studied variational quantum gate learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Ziqing Guo , Jan Balewski , Wenshuo Hu , Alex Khan , Ziwen Pan

We propose an Indirect Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (referred to as IQAOA) where the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz takes into consideration a general parameterized family of unitary operators to efficiently model the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Eric Bourreau , Gerard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is among leading candidates for achieving quantum advantage on near-term processors. While typically implemented with a transverse-field mixer (XM-QAOA), the Grover-mixer variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Elizaveta V. Krendeleva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. In a typical QAOA setup, a set of quantum circuit parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Alexey Galda , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs), such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) of [Farhi, Goldstone, Gutmann, 2014], have seen intense study towards near-term applications on quantum hardware. A crucial parameter for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Lennart Bittel , Sevag Gharibian , Martin Kliesch

Motivated by the recent advancement of quantum processors, we investigate quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) to employ quasi-maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of classical channel codes. QAOA is a hybrid quantum-classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Toshiki Matsumine , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang