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Fuzzy inference systems always suffer from the lack of efficient structures or platforms for their hardware implementation. In this paper, we tried to overcome this problem by proposing new method for the implementation of those fuzzy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-09-22 Farnood Merrikh-Bayat , Saeed Bagheri Shouraki

In this paper, we describe an algorithm FARDiff (Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Dif- fusion) which combines Diffusion Maps and Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory to do clustering on high dimensional data. We describe some applications of this method…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-07 S. B. Damelin , Y. Gu , D. C. Wunsch , R. Xu

One major drawback of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for use in safety critical applications is their black-box nature. This makes it hard to verify or monitor complex, symbolic requirements on already trained computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Gesina Schwalbe , Christian Wirth , Ute Schmid

This paper introduces FANTF (Fuzzy Attention Network-Based Transformers), a novel approach that integrates fuzzy logic with existing transformer architectures to advance time series forecasting, classification, and anomaly detection tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Sanjay Chakraborty , Fredrik Heintz

This paper proposes a novel approach to improve the performance of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the problem of mobile robot localization. A fuzzy logic system is employed to continuous-ly adjust the noise covariance matrices of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Thi Thanh Van Nguyen , Manh Duong Phung , Thuan Hoang Tran , Quang Vinh Tran

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Fault detection methods have their pros and cons. Thus, it is possible that some methods can complement each other and offer consequently better diagnostic systems. The integration of various characteristics is a way to develop "hybrid"…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2012-03-27 Imtiez fliss , Moncef Tagina

The black box nature of deep neural networks poses a significant challenge for the deployment of transparent and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. With the growing presence of AI in society, it becomes increasingly important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Bianka Kowalska , Halina Kwaśnicka

Machine learning solutions for pattern classification problems are nowadays widely deployed in society and industry. However, the lack of transparency and accountability of most accurate models often hinders their safe use. Thus, there is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Gonzalo Nápoles , Yamisleydi Salgueiro , Isel Grau , Maikel Leon Espinosa

Several deep learning (DL) approaches have been proposed to deal with image classification tasks. However, despite their effectiveness, they lack interpretability, as they are unable to explain or justify their results. To address the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Georgia Sovatzidi , Michael D. Vasilakakis , Dimitris K. Iakovidis

We present an approach to explain the decisions of black box models for image classification. While using the black box to label images, our explanation method exploits the latent feature space learned through an adversarial autoencoder.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Stan Matwin , Dino Pedreschi

Neural networks are commonly regarded as black boxes performing incomprehensible functions. For classification problems networks provide maps from high dimensional feature space to K-dimensional image space. Images of training vector are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Wlodzislaw Duch

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has made impressive progress recently, yet most existing models are black-box, lacking interpretability. Previous explanation approaches primarily focus on analyzing image-based models and are not readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Shuai Liu , Boyang Li , Zhiyu Fang , Mingyue Cui , Kai Huang

Without any means of interpretation, neural networks that predict molecular properties and bioactivities are merely black boxes. We will unravel these black boxes and will demonstrate approaches to understand the learned representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kristina Preuer , Günter Klambauer , Friedrich Rippmann , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Unterthiner

This paper presents an adaptive resonance theory predictive mapping (ARTMAP) model which uses incremental cluster validity indices (iCVIs) to perform unsupervised learning, namely iCVI-ARTMAP. Incorporating iCVIs to the decision-making and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Leonardo Enzo Brito da Silva , Nagasharath Rayapati , Donald C. Wunsch

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are considered a soft computing technique combining elements of fuzzy logic and recurrent neural networks. They found multiple application in such domains as modeling of system behavior, prediction of time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Piotr Szwed

Deep Reinforcement Learning uses a deep neural network to encode a policy, which achieves very good performance in a wide range of applications but is widely regarded as a black box model. A more interpretable alternative to deep networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Arne Gevaert , Jonathan Peck , Yvan Saeys

Despite the outstanding performance of deep learning models in clinical prediction tasks, explainability remains a significant challenge. Inspired by transformer architectures, we introduce the Temporal-Feature Cross Attention Mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yubo Li , Xinyu Yao , Rema Padman

Fisher Vector classifiers and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are popular and successful algorithms for solving image classification problems. However, both are generally considered `black box' predictors as the non-linear transformations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Sebastian Bach , Alexander Binder , Grégoire Montavon , Klaus-Robert Müller , Wojciech Samek

Modern instance-based model-agnostic explanation methods (LIME, SHAP, L2X) are of great use in data-heavy industries for model diagnostics, and for end-user explanations. These methods generally return either a weighting or subset of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Matt Chapman-Rounds , Marc-Andre Schulz , Erik Pazos , Konstantinos Georgatzis