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Text-based games provide valuable environments for language-based autonomous agents. However, planning-then-learning paradigms, such as those combining Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and reinforcement learning (RL), are notably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Zijing Shi , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Goal-directed interactive agents, which autonomously complete tasks through interactions with their environment, can assist humans in various domains of their daily lives. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) led to a surge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Mareike Hartmann , Alexander Koller

Training agents to act competently in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional visual information is challenging. Reinforcement learning is conventionally used to train such agents, but requires a carefully designed reward function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Yuhan Cao , Dave Bignell , Amos Storkey , Sam Devlin , Tabish Rashid

Language models pre-trained on large self-supervised corpora, followed by task-specific fine-tuning has become the dominant paradigm in NLP. These pre-training datasets often have a one-to-many structure--e.g. in dialogue there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Benjamin Towle , Ke Zhou

Despite the superior performance of large language models to generate natural language texts, it is hard to generate texts with correct logic according to a given task, due to the difficulties for neural models to capture implied rules from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fan Zhang , Kebing Jin , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents augmented with domain tools promise to autonomously execute complex tasks requiring human-level intelligence, such as customer service and digital assistance. However, their practical deployment is often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kevin Song , Anand Jayarajan , Yaoyao Ding , Qidong Su , Zhanda Zhu , Sihang Liu , Gennady Pekhimenko

Goal-conditioned and Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning (GCRL and MTRL) address numerous problems related to robot learning, including locomotion, navigation, and manipulation scenarios. Recent works focusing on language-defined robotic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Julien Perez , Denys Proux , Claude Roux , Michael Niemaz

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) is challenging because it requires multi-hop reasoning under complex temporal constraints. Recent LLM-based approaches have improved semantic modeling for this task, but many still rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xufei Lv , Jiahui Yang , Haoyuan Sun , Xialin Su , Zhiliang Tian , Yifu Gao , Linbo Qiao , Houde Liu

Language agents can adapt from experience in interactive environments, but current reflection-based methods can only self-correct within a single task instance. Whether such experience can be distilled into reusable lessons that improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuval Shalev , Zifeng Ding , Mateja Jamnik

Large language models (LLMs) have shown success in handling simple games with imperfect information and enabling multi-agent coordination, but their ability to facilitate practical collaboration against other agents in complex, imperfect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yauwai Yim , Chunkit Chan , Tianyu Shi , Zheye Deng , Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yangqiu Song

Terminal agents are increasingly capable of executing complex, long-horizon tasks autonomously from a single user prompt. To do so, they must interpret instructions encountered in the environment (e.g., README files, code comments, stack…

External knowledge graphs (KGs) can be used to augment large language models (LLMs), while simultaneously providing an explainable knowledge base of facts that can be inspected by a human. This approach may be particularly valuable in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Steph Buongiorno , Corey Clark

Grounding language in perception and action is a key challenge when building situated agents that can interact with humans, or other agents, via language. In the past, addressing this challenge has required manually designing the language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Andrew C. Li , Toryn Q. Klassen , Andrew Wang , Parand A. Alamdari , Sheila A. McIlraith

Evaluating the social intelligence of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly requires moving beyond static text generation toward dynamic, adversarial interaction. We introduce the Adversarial Resource Extraction Game (AREG), a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Adib Sakhawat , Fardeen Sadab

We designed and built a game called \textit{Immersive Text Game}, which allows the player to choose a story and a character, and interact with other characters in the story in an immersive manner of dialogues. The game is based on several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Wanshui Li , Yifan Bai , Jiaxuan Lu , Kexin Yi

In model-based reinforcement learning, generative and temporal models of environments can be leveraged to boost agent performance, either by tuning the agent's representations during training or via use as part of an explicit planning…

In complex tasks, such as those with large combinatorial action spaces, random exploration may be too inefficient to achieve meaningful learning progress. In this work, we use a curriculum of progressively growing action spaces to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Gregory Farquhar , Laura Gustafson , Zeming Lin , Shimon Whiteson , Nicolas Usunier , Gabriel Synnaeve

Defining action spaces for conversational agents and optimizing their decision-making process with reinforcement learning is an enduring challenge. Common practice has been to use handcrafted dialog acts, or the output vocabulary, e.g. in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Tiancheng Zhao , Kaige Xie , Maxine Eskenazi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Jianing Hao , Han Ding , Yuanjian Xu , Tianze Sun , Ran Chen , Wanbo Zhang , Guang Zhang , Siguang Li

Applying generative adversarial networks (GANs) to text-related tasks is challenging due to the discrete nature of language. One line of research resolves this issue by employing reinforcement learning (RL) and optimizing the next-word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Yanghoon Kim , Seungpil Won , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung