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Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction holds a paramount position in recommender systems. The prevailing ID-based paradigm underperforms in cold-start scenarios due to the skewed distribution of feature frequency. Additionally, the utilization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xingmei Wang , Weiwen Liu , Xiaolong Chen , Qi Liu , Xu Huang , Yichao Wang , Xiangyang Li , Yasheng Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Defu Lian , Ruiming Tang

We introduce Electric, an energy-based cloze model for representation learning over text. Like BERT, it is a conditional generative model of tokens given their contexts. However, Electric does not use masking or output a full distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Kevin Clark , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le , Christopher D. Manning

The Transformer architecture deeply changed the natural language processing, outperforming all previous state-of-the-art models. However, well-known Transformer models like BERT, RoBERTa, and GPT-2 require a huge compute budget to create a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Luca Di Liello , Matteo Gabburo , Alessandro Moschitti

Vision-language representation learning largely benefits from image-text alignment through contrastive losses (e.g., InfoNCE loss). The success of this alignment strategy is attributed to its capability in maximizing the mutual information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jinyu Yang , Jiali Duan , Son Tran , Yi Xu , Sampath Chanda , Liqun Chen , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi , Junzhou Huang

Contrastive learning (CL) has become a ubiquitous approach for several natural language processing (NLP) downstream tasks, especially for question answering (QA). However, the major challenge, how to efficiently train the knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Wenshen Xu , Mieradilijiang Maimaiti , Yuanhang Zheng , Xin Tang , Ji Zhang

Language-guided supervision, which utilizes a frozen semantic target from a Pretrained Language Model (PLM), has emerged as a promising paradigm for visual Continual Learning (CL). However, relying on a single target introduces two critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xiwei Liu , Yulong Li , Yichen Li , Xinlin Zhuang , Haolin Yang , Huifa Li , Imran Razzak

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with cross-lingual tasks due to data imbalances between high-resource and low-resource languages, as well as monolingual bias in pre-training. Existing methods, such as bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weihua Zheng , Chang Liu , Zhengyuan Liu , Xin Huang , Kui Wu , Muhammad Huzaifah Md Shahrin , Aiti Aw , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

The core of self-supervised learning for pre-training language models includes pre-training task design as well as appropriate data augmentation. Most data augmentations in language model pre-training are context-independent. A seminal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Yifei Xu , Jingqiao Zhang , Ru He , Liangzhu Ge , Chao Yang , Cheng Yang , Ying Nian Wu

We present a self-supervised learning framework, COCO-LM, that pretrains Language Models by COrrecting and COntrasting corrupted text sequences. Following ELECTRA-style pretraining, COCO-LM employs an auxiliary language model to corrupt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Yu Meng , Chenyan Xiong , Payal Bajaj , Saurabh Tiwary , Paul Bennett , Jiawei Han , Xia Song

Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has become a representative foundation model in the natural language processing field. Most PLMs are trained with linguistic-agnostic pre-training tasks on the surface form of the text, such as the masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang , Ting Liu

Pre-trained encoder-only and sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models each have advantages, however training both model types from scratch is computationally expensive. We explore recipes to improve pre-training efficiency by initializing one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Saleh Soltan , Andy Rosenbaum , Tobias Falke , Qin Lu , Anna Rumshisky , Wael Hamza

Effective collaboration requires groups to strategically regulate themselves to overcome challenges. Research has shown that groups may fail to regulate due to differences in members' perceptions of challenges which may benefit from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Wannapon Suraworachet , Jennifer Seon , Mutlu Cukurova

Pre-training large language models on genomic sequences is a powerful approach for learning biologically meaningful representations. Masked language modeling (MLM) methods, such as DNABERT and Nucleotide Transformer (NT), achieve strong…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-20 Ke Ding , Brian Parker , Jiayu Wen

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling more generalized models to perform various tasks with minimal training. However, traditional sentiment analysis methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Keito Inoshita , Xiaokang Zhou , Akira Kawai

In this work, we present Multi-Level Contrastive Learning for Dense Prediction Task (MCL), an efficient self-supervised method for learning region-level feature representation for dense prediction tasks. Our method is motivated by the three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Qiushan Guo , Yizhou Yu , Yi Jiang , Jiannan Wu , Zehuan Yuan , Ping Luo

Curriculum learning-organizing training data from easy to hard-has improved efficiency across machine learning domains, yet remains underexplored for language model pretraining. We present the first systematic investigation of curriculum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yang Zhang , Amr Mohamed , Hadi Abdine , Guokan Shang , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning has proven effective in deriving high-quality representations from unlabeled data. However, a major challenge that hinders both unimodal and multimodal contrastive learning is feature suppression, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jihai Zhang , Xiang Lan , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Mengling Feng , Bryan Hooi

Multilingual Pre-trained Language models (multiPLMs), trained on the Masked Language Modelling (MLM) objective are commonly being used for cross-lingual tasks such as bitext mining. However, the performance of these models is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Aloka Fernando , Surangika Ranathunga

Advances in English language representation enabled a more sample-efficient pre-training task by Efficiently Learning an Encoder that Classifies Token Replacements Accurately (ELECTRA). Which, instead of training a model to recover masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Wissam Antoun , Fady Baly , Hazem Hajj

The goal of continual learning is to improve the performance of recognition models in learning sequentially arrived data. Although most existing works are established on the premise of learning from scratch, growing efforts have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Gengwei Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Guoliang Kang , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei