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Score-based generative models have excellent performance in terms of generation quality and likelihood. They model the data distribution by matching a parameterized score network with first-order data score functions. The score network can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-28 Cheng Lu , Kaiwen Zheng , Fan Bao , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

A generative model based on a continuous-time normalizing flow between any pair of base and target probability densities is proposed. The velocity field of this flow is inferred from the probability current of a time-dependent density that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Michael S. Albergo , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Flow Matching (FM) models achieve remarkable results in generative tasks. Building upon diffusion models, FM's simulation-free training paradigm enables simplicity and efficiency but introduces a train-inference gap: model outputs cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhaoyi Li , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li , Shihua Li

Beyond their impressive sampling capabilities, score-based diffusion models offer a powerful analysis tool in the form of unbiased density estimation of a query sample under the training data distribution. In this work, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Marius Arvinte , Cory Cornelius , Jason Martin , Nageen Himayat

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) and diffusion models (DMs) generate high-quality data from a noise distribution. However, their sampling process demands multiple iterations to solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE) with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Denis Gudovskiy , Wenzhao Zheng , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), via their induced flow maps, provide a powerful framework to parameterize invertible transformations for the purpose of representing complex probability distributions. While such models have achieved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Sven Wang , Jakob Zech

Diffusion models (DMs) have become the dominant paradigm of generative modeling in a variety of domains by learning stochastic processes from noise to data. Recently, diffusion denoising bridge models (DDBMs), a new formulation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guande He , Kaiwen Zheng , Jianfei Chen , Fan Bao , Jun Zhu

We investigate the use of diffusion models as neural density estimators. The current approach to this problem involves converting the generative process to a smooth flow, known as the Probability Flow ODE. The log density at a given sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Akhil Premkumar

Diffusion models, as a kind of powerful generative model, have given impressive results on image super-resolution (SR) tasks. However, due to the randomness introduced in the reverse process of diffusion models, the performances of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Yiyang Ma , Huan Yang , Wenhan Yang , Jianlong Fu , Jiaying Liu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to safety-critical machine learning applications and has been extensively studied. While recent studies have predominantly focused on classifier-based methods, research on deep generative model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Genki Osada , Tsubasa Takahashi , Takashi Nishide

Recent work has shown that Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) can serve as generative models of images using the perspective of Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs). Such models offer exact likelihood calculation, and invertible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Vikram Voleti , Chris Finlay , Adam Oberman , Christopher Pal

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have exhibited excellent performance for high-fidelity image generation while suffering from inefficient sampling. Recent works accelerate the sampling procedure by proposing fast ODE solvers that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kaiwen Zheng , Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

In this paper, we propose an approach to effectively accelerating the computation of continuous normalizing flow (CNF), which has been proven to be a powerful tool for the tasks such as variational inference and density estimation. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Han-Hsien Huang , Mi-Yen Yeh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Diffusion and flow-based models are ubiquitously used for generative modelling and density estimation. They admit a deterministic probability flow ordinary differential equation (PF-ODE), analogous to continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Gurjeet Jagwani , Stephen Thorp , Sinan Deger , Hiranya Peiris

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling, offering computational advantages over diffusion models by leveraging deterministic Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) instead of stochastic dynamics. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Chengyue Gong , Xiaoyu Li , Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yu Tian

Diffusion and flow matching models generate high-fidelity data by simulating paths defined by Ordinary or Stochastic Differential Equations (ODEs/SDEs), starting from a tractable prior distribution. The probability flow ODE formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Liangyu Yuan , Ruoyu Wang , Tong Zhao , Dingwen Fu , Mingkun Lei , Beier Zhu , Chi Zhang

Score-based generative models, which transform noise into data by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI. This paper contributes to establishing theoretical guarantees for the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-03 Jiaqi Tang , Yuling Yan

We present a novel generative modeling method called diffusion normalizing flow based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The algorithm consists of two neural SDEs: a forward SDE that gradually adds noise to the data to transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Qinsheng Zhang , Yongxin Chen
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