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Understanding how recurrent neural circuits can learn to implement dynamical systems is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The credit assignment problem, i.e. determining the local contribution of each synapse to the network's global…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-08-08 Alireza Alemi , Christian Machens , Sophie Denève , Jean-Jacques Slotine

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

We have presented a Spiking Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) that incorporates retinal foveal-pit inspired Difference of Gaussian filters and rank-order encoding. The model is trained using a variant of the backpropagation algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Shriya T. P. Gupta , Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya

We propose reinforcement learning on simple networks consisting of random connections of spiking neurons (both recurrent and feed-forward) that can learn complex tasks with very little trainable parameters. Such sparse and randomly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Wachirawit Ponghiran , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy

We train spiking deep networks using leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, and achieve state-of-the-art results for spiking networks on the CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets. This demonstrates that biologically-plausible spiking LIF neurons can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Eric Hunsberger , Chris Eliasmith

Deep learning's success comes with growing energy demands, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of the field. Spiking neural networks, inspired by biological neurons, offer a promising alternative with potential computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Adalbert Fono , Manjot Singh , Ernesto Araya , Philipp C. Petersen , Holger Boche , Gitta Kutyniok

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by utilizing sparse and asynchronous processing through discrete spike-based computation. However, the performance of deep…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Eric Jahns , Davi Moreno , Michel A. Kinsy

We present a fully memristive spiking neural network (MSNN) consisting of novel memristive neurons trained using the backpropagation through time (BPTT) learning rule. Gradient descent is applied directly to the memristive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Peng Zhou , Jason K. Eshraghian , Dong-Uk Choi , Sung-Mo Kang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired models known for low power consumption and superior potential for temporal processing, but identifying suitable learning mechanisms remains a challenge. Despite the presence of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuzhe Liu , Xin Deng , Qiang Yu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a viable alternative to conventional artificial neural networks when resource efficiency and computational complexity are of importance. A major advantage of SNNs is their binary information transfer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Daniel Gerlinghoff , Tao Luo , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Weng-Fai Wong

Spiking neural networks are motivated from principles of neural systems and may possess unexplored advantages in the context of machine learning. A class of \textit{convolutional spiking neural networks} is introduced, trained to detect…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Daniel J. Saunders , Hava T. Siegelmann , Robert Kozma , Miklós Ruszinkó

Photonic Spiking Neural Networks (PSNN) composed of the co-integrated CMOS and photonic elements can offer low loss, low power, highly-parallel, and high-throughput computing for brain-inspired neuromorphic systems. In addition,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-28 Yun-Jhu Lee , Mehmet Berkay On , Luis El Srouji , Li Zhang , Mahmoud Abdelghany , S. J. Ben Yoo

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) hold great potential for improving the latency and energy efficiency of deep neural networks through event-based computation. However, training such networks is difficult due to the non-differentiable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Jun Haeng Lee , Tobi Delbruck , Michael Pfeiffer

Much of studies on neural computation are based on network models of static neurons that produce analog output, despite the fact that information processing in the brain is predominantly carried out by dynamic neurons that produce discrete…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-21 Dongsung Huh , Terrence J. Sejnowski

The brain can efficiently learn a wide range of tasks, motivating the search for biologically inspired learning rules for improving current artificial intelligence technology. Most biological models are composed of point neurons, and cannot…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-13 Cristiano Capone , Cosimo Lupo , Paolo Muratore , Pier Stanislao Paolucci

Brain-inspired computation and information processing alongside compatibility with neuromorphic hardware have made spiking neural networks (SNN) a promising method for solving learning tasks in machine learning (ML). Spiking neurons are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Hafez Ghaemi , Erfan Mirzaei , Mahbod Nouri , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh

Recently, brain-inspired computing models have shown great potential to outperform today's deep learning solutions in terms of robustness and energy efficiency. Particularly, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) and HyperDimensional Computing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Zhuowen Zou , Haleh Alimohamadi , Farhad Imani , Yeseong Kim , Mohsen Imani

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have ultra-low energy consumption and high biological plausibility due to their binary and bio-driven nature compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs). While previous research has primarily focused on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Jiahang Cao , Ziqing Wang , Hanzhong Guo , Hao Cheng , Qiang Zhang , Renjing Xu