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The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. However, the evaluation of LLMs' legal knowledge, particularly in non-English languages such as…

Recent progress in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is driving fast-paced advances in Information Retrieval (IR), largely owed to fine-tuning deep language models (LMs) for document ranking. While remarkably effective, the ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Omar Khattab , Matei Zaharia

The Insertion Transformer is well suited for long form text generation due to its parallel generation capabilities, requiring $O(\log_2 n)$ generation steps to generate $n$ tokens. However, modeling long sequences is difficult, as there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Lala Li , William Chan

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used in medical applications, such as clinical decision support, medical education, and medical question answering. Yet, these models are often English-centric, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chaimae Abouzahir , Congbo Ma , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

The abundance of information in digital media, which in today's world is the main source of knowledge about current events for the masses, makes it possible to spread disinformation on a larger scale than ever before. Consequently, there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jędrzej Kozal , Michał Leś , Paweł Zyblewski , Paweł Ksieniewicz , Michał Woźniak

Encoder-only transformer models like BERT are widely adopted as a pre-trained backbone for tasks like sentence classification and retrieval. However, pretraining of encoder models with large-scale corpora and long contexts has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Issa Sugiura , Kouta Nakayama , Yusuke Oda

The increasing volume of textual data poses challenges in reading and comprehending large documents, particularly for scholars who need to extract useful information from research articles. Automatic text summarization has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Samira Zangooei , Amirhossein Darmani , Hossein Farahmand Nezhad , Laya Mahmoudi

In this article we focus firstly on the principle of pedagogical indexing and characteristics of Arabic language and secondly on the possibility of adapting the standard for describing learning resources used (the LOM and its Application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-08-02 Asma Boudhief , Mohsen Maraoui , Mounir Zrigui

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to specialized domains, such as the law, has recently received a surge of interest. As many legal services rely on processing and analyzing large collections of documents, automating such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Wenyue Hua , Yuchen Zhang , Zhe Chen , Josie Li , Melanie Weber

Modeling long texts has been an essential technique in the field of natural language processing (NLP). With the ever-growing number of long documents, it is important to develop effective modeling methods that can process and analyze such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zican Dong , Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao

Although BERT is widely used by the NLP community, little is known about its inner workings. Several attempts have been made to shed light on certain aspects of BERT, often with contradicting conclusions. A much raised concern focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nikolaos Manginas , Ilias Chalkidis , Prodromos Malakasiotis

The recent literature in text classification is biased towards short text sequences (e.g., sentences or paragraphs). In real-world applications, multi-page multi-paragraph documents are common and they cannot be efficiently encoded by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Xiang Dai , Ilias Chalkidis , Sune Darkner , Desmond Elliott

As a result of ICT development and the increasingly growing use of the Internet in particular, practices of language teaching and learning are about to evolve significantly. Our study focuses on the Arabic language, and aims to explore and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-11-06 Hadhemi Achour , Wahiba Ben Abdessalem

This paper discusses the effectiveness of various text processing techniques, their combinations, and encodings to achieve a reduction of complexity and size in a given text corpus. The simplified text corpus is sent to BERT (or similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Chejui Liao , Tabish Maniar , Sravanajyothi N , Anantha Sharma

Many natural language processing and information retrieval problems can be formalized as the task of semantic matching. Existing work in this area has been largely focused on matching between short texts (e.g., question answering), or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Liu Yang , Mingyang Zhang , Cheng Li , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

In this paper, we introduce SaudiBERT, a monodialect Arabic language model pretrained exclusively on Saudi dialectal text. To demonstrate the model's effectiveness, we compared SaudiBERT with six different multidialect Arabic language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Faisal Qarah

The introduction of the Transformer neural network, along with techniques like self-supervised pre-training and transfer learning, has paved the way for advanced models like BERT. Despite BERT's impressive performance, opportunities for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Farnaz Zeidi , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali , Çiğdem Erol

Despite advances in legal NLP, no comprehensive evaluation of Transformer-based models customized for legal tasks (referred to as `legal-specific' models in this paper) exists for contract classification tasks. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Amrita Singh , H. Suhan Karaca , Aditya Joshi , Hye-young Paik , Jiaojiao Jiang

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) have shown to be a promising way to dramatically improve the performance across various Natural Language Processing tasks [Devlin et al., 2019]. Meanwhile, progress made over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Zhuo Xu

This research is the second phase in a series of investigations on developing an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of Arabic historical documents and examining how different modeling procedures interact with the problem. The first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Aly Mostafa , Omar Mohamed , Ali Ashraf , Ahmed Elbehery , Salma Jamal , Anas Salah , Amr S. Ghoneim