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In this paper, we study the secular dynamical evolution of binaries composed of intermediate-mass and stellar-mass black holes (IMBHs and SBHs, respectively) in orbit about a central super-massive black hole (SMBH) in galactic nuclei. Such…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-29 Giacomo Fragione , Nathan Leigh

Galaxy mergers are common processes in the Universe. As a large fraction of galaxies hosts at their centres a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), mergers can lead to the formation of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-05 Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Go Ogiya , Oliver Hahn , Mathias Schultheis

As the closest example of a galactic nucleus, the Galactic center presents an exquisite laboratory for learning about supermassive black holes (SMBH) and their environs. Detailed studies of stellar dynamics deep in the potential well of a…

We consider the possibility that an infalling bulge core or stellar cluster could form an eccentric disk, following tidal disruption by a massive black hole in the center of a galaxy. As a function of central black hole mass, we constrain…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. C. Quillen , Alex Hubbard

The scenario of galaxy formation is believed to follow a structure that builds up from the bottom, with large galaxies being formed by several merging episodes of smaller ones. In this scenario a number of galaxies can be expected to be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-04-22 Roberto Nesci , Mariateresa Fiocchi , Loredana Bassani , Pietro Parisi

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries represent the main target for missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and Pulsar Timing Arrays. The understanding of their dynamical evolution prior to coalescence is therefore crucial…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-17 Imran Nasim , Cristobal Petrovich , Adam Nasim , Fani Dosopoulou , Fabio Antonini

We use N-body simulations to study the evolution of the orbital eccentricities of stars deposited near (<0.05 pc) the Milky Way massive black hole (MBH), starting from initial conditions motivated by two competing models for their origin:…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-08-24 Hagai B. Perets , Alessia Gualandris , Gabor Kupi , David Merritt , Tal Alexander

Within the distance of 1 pc from the Galactic center (GC), more than 100 young massive stars have been found. The massive stars at 0.1-1 pc from the GC are located in one or two disks, while those within 0.1 pc from the GC, S-stars, have an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Michiko Fujii , Masaki Iwasawa , Yoko Funato , Junichiro Makino

Resent observations and theoretical interpretations suggest that IMBHs (intermediate-mass black hole) are formed in the centers of young and compact star clusters born close to the center of their parent galaxy. Such a star cluster would…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Tatsushi Matsubayashi , Junichiro Makino , Toshikazu Ebisuzaki

A significant fraction of galaxy clusters show central cooling times of less than 1 Gyr and associated central cluster entropies below $30\,\mathrm{keV}\,\mathrm{cm}^2$. We provide a straight forward explanation for these low central…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-11 Rainer Weinberger , Christoph Pfrommer

Variability of active galactic nuclei is not well understood. One possible explanation is existence of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBH) in their centres. It is expected that major mergers are common in the Universe. It is expected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-02-23 Marijana Smailagić , Edi Bon

The binding energy liberated by the coalescence of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries during galaxy mergers is thought to be responsible for the low density cores often found in bright elliptical galaxies. We use high-resolution…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-24 Fani Dosopoulou , Jenny E. Greene , Chung-Pei Ma

It has long been thought that nuclear star clusters (NSCs) cannot co-exist with the most massive supermassive black holes (SMBHs), since SMBH mergers - unavoidable for the most massive systems - would scatter away NSC stars. However,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-30 Nader Khonji , Alessia Gualandris , Justin I. Read , Walter Dehnen

We report the discovery of an unusual z=1.14 object, dubbed the $\infty$ galaxy, in JWST imaging of the COSMOS field. Its rest-frame near-IR light is dominated by two compact nuclei with stellar masses of $\sim 10^{11}$ Msun and a projected…

We performed a series of direct N-body simulations with the aim to follow the dynamical evolution of a galaxy cluster (GC) ($M_{clus}\simeq 10^{14} M_{\odot}$) in different environment. The results show the formation of heavy sub-structures…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-23 M. Donnari , M. Arca-Sedda , M. Merafina

Recent studies of nearby globular clusters have discovered excess dark mass in their cores, apparently in an extended distribution, and simulations indicate that this mass is composed mostly of white dwarfs (respectively stellar-mass black…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-31 Eduardo Vitral , Mattia Libralato , Kyle Kremer , Gary A. Mamon , Andrea Bellini , Luigi R. Bedin , Jay Anderson

Recent observations of the Galactic center revealed a nuclear disk of young OB stars near the massive black hole (MBH), in addition to many similar outlying stars with higher eccentricities and/or high inclinations relative to the disk…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-07-16 Hagai. B. Perets , Alessia Gualandris , David Merritt , Tal Alexander

The Coma cluster is one of the richest known cluster of galaxies, spanning about 4 dex in density. Hence it is the ideal place to study the structure of galaxies as a function of environmental density in order to constrain the theories of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Doerte Mehlert , Roberto P. Saglia , Ralf Bender , Gary Wegner

PSR B1820$-$30A is located in the globular cluster NGC 6624 and is the closest known pulsar to the centre of any globular cluster. We present more than 25 years of high-precision timing observations of this millisecond pulsar and obtain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-18 B. B. P. Perera , B. W. Stappers , A. G. Lyne , C. G. Bassa , I. Cognard , L. Guillemot , M. Kramer , G. Theureau , G. Desvignes

Using few-body simulations, we investigate the evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies ($M_{\star}=10^{10}-10^{12}{\rm M}_{\odot}$ at $z=0$) at $0<z<4$. Following galaxy merger trees from the Millennium simulation, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-29 Taeho Ryu , Rosalba Perna , Zoltán Haiman , Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Nicholas C. Stone