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Quantum error correction allows to actively correct errors occurring in a quantum computation when the noise is weak enough. To make this error correction competitive information about the specific noise is required. Traditionally, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

With quantum devices rapidly approaching qualities and scales needed for fault tolerance, the validity of simplified error models underpinning the study of quantum error correction needs to be experimentally evaluated. In this work, we have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Spiro Gicev , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Muhammad Usman

Measurements are a vital part of any quantum computation, whether as a final step to retrieve results, as an intermediate step to inform subsequent operations, or as part of the computation itself (as in measurement-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Quantum error correcting codes have been shown to have the ability of making quantum information resilient against noise. Here we show that we can use quantum error correcting codes as diagnostics to characterise noise. The experiment is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Laforest , D. Simon , J. -C. Boileau , J. Baugh , M. Ditty , R. Laflamme

Syndrome measurements made in quantum error correction contain more information than is typically used. We show that the statistics of data from syndrome measurements can be used to do the following: (i) estimation of parameters of an error…

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

Quantum error-correcting codes are a vital technology for demonstrating reliable quantum computation. They require data qubits for encoding quantum information and ancillary qubits for taking error syndromes necessary for error correction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Shintaro Sato , Yasunari Suzuki

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

Running quantum programs is fraught with challenges on on today's noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Many of these challenges originate from the error characteristics that stem from rapid decoherence and noise during…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Ellis Wilson , Sudhakar Singh , Frank Mueller

Current noisy quantum computers have multiple types of errors, which can occur in the state preparation, measurement/readout, and gate operation, as well as intrinsic decoherence and relaxation. Partly motivated by the booming of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Hongye Yu , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

The calibration of quantum measurements is limited by the ability to accurately prepare quantum states under unknown device errors. We develop an accurate calibration protocol for the measurement apparatus of a quantum computer that is…

Quantum error correcting codes are designed to pinpoint exactly when and where errors occur in quantum circuits. This feature is the foundation of their primary task: to support fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, this feature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 James R. Wootton

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections in quantum devices is one of the main challenges for viable quantum applications. In this article, we present different protocols, which we denote as "superposed quantum error mitigation",…

Various noise models have been developed in quantum computing study to describe the propagation and effect of the noise which is caused by imperfect implementation of hardware. Identifying parameters such as gate and readout error rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Muqing Zheng , Ang Li , Tamás Terlaky , Xiu Yang

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

The precision and sensitivity achievable in quantum metrology are often compromised by the presence of noise. While quantum error correction has emerged as a promising strategy, it is ineffective in addressing noise that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Xiaodie Lin , Linxuan Li , Haidong Yuan

Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

A major goal of developing high-precision control of many-body quantum systems is to realise their potential as quantum computers. Probably the most significant obstacle in this direction is the problem of "decoherence": the extreme…

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