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Transparency and explainability in image classification are essential for establishing trust in machine learning models and detecting biases and errors. State-of-the-art explainability methods generate saliency maps to show where a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Matteo Bianchi , Antonio De Santis , Andrea Tocchetti , Marco Brambilla

Neural networks for NLP are becoming increasingly complex and widespread, and there is a growing concern if these models are responsible to use. Explaining models helps to address the safety and ethical concerns and is essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Andreas Madsen , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

As the applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in sensitive areas like Political Profiling, Review of Essays in Education, etc. proliferate, there is a great need for increasing transparency in NLP models to build trust with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Adel Rahimi , Shaurya Jain

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Deep neural networks for medical image diagnosis often achieve high predictive accuracy while relying on spurious or clinically irrelevant visual cues, limiting their trustworthiness in practice. Post-hoc explanation methods are widely used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zubair Faruqui , Rahul Dubey

With the increase in the use of deep learning for computer-aided diagnosis in medical images, the criticism of the black-box nature of the deep learning models is also on the rise. The medical community needs interpretable models for both…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-21 Mookund Sureka , Abhijeet Patil , Deepak Anand , Amit Sethi

Saliency methods provide post-hoc model interpretation by attributing input features to the model outputs. Current methods mainly achieve this using a single input sample, thereby failing to answer input-independent inquiries about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Naveed Akhtar , Mohammad A. A. K. Jalwana

Interpretability is essential for machine learning algorithms in high-stakes application fields such as medical image analysis. However, high-performing black-box neural networks do not provide explanations for their predictions, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Susu Sun , Stefano Woerner , Andreas Maier , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

The interpretability of machine learning models has gained increasing attention, particularly in scientific domains where high precision and accountability are crucial. This research focuses on distinguishing between two critical data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiajun Zhu , Siqi Miao , Rex Ying , Pan Li

While deep neural network models offer unmatched classification performance, they are prone to learning spurious correlations in the data. Such dependencies on confounding information can be difficult to detect using performance metrics if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Susu Sun , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

Post-hoc interpretability methods are critical tools to explain neural-network results. Several post-hoc methods have emerged in recent years, but when applied to a given task, they produce different results, raising the question of which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hugues Turbé , Mina Bjelogrlic , Christian Lovis , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Interpretability is highly desired for deep neural network-based classifiers, especially when addressing high-stake decisions in medical imaging. Commonly used post-hoc interpretability methods have the limitation that they can produce…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-04 Sourya Sengupta , Mark A. Anastasio

While deep learning methods are increasingly being applied to tasks such as computer-aided diagnosis, these models are difficult to interpret, do not incorporate prior domain knowledge, and are often considered as a "black-box." The lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Shiwen Shen , Simon X. Han , Denise R. Aberle , Alex A. T. Bui , Willliam Hsu

Deep learning models have achieved promising results in breast cancer classification, yet their 'black-box' nature raises interpretability concerns. This research addresses the crucial need to gain insights into the decision-making process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Ann-Kristin Balve , Peter Hendrix

Post-hoc importance attribution methods are a popular tool for "explaining" Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and are inherently based on the assumption that the explanations can be applied independently of how the models were trained.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Siddhartha Gairola , Moritz Böhle , Francesco Locatello , Bernt Schiele

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled increasingly accurate electroencephalography (EEG)-based classification of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but the decision-making processes of high-capacity models remain difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Antonia Šarčević , Nikolina Frid

Understanding specifically where a model focuses on within an image is critical for human interpretability of the decision-making process. Deep learning-based solutions are prone to learning coincidental correlations in training datasets,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aidan Boyd , Mohamed Trabelsi , Huseyin Uzunalioglu , Dan Kushnir

While machine learning is currently transforming the field of histopathology, the domain lacks a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art models based on essential but complementary quality requirements beyond a mere classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Maximilian Springenberg , Annika Frommholz , Markus Wenzel , Eva Weicken , Jackie Ma , Nils Strodthoff

Most existing interpretable methods explain a black-box model in a post-hoc manner, which uses simpler models or data analysis techniques to interpret the predictions after the model is learned. However, they (a) may derive contradictory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mengzhuo Guo , Qingpeng Zhang , Xiuwu Liao , Daniel Dajun Zeng

Interpretability of deep learning is widely used to evaluate the reliability of medical imaging models and reduce the risks of inaccurate patient recommendations. For models exceeding human performance, e.g. predicting RNA structure from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-31 Mara Graziani , Niccolò Marini , Nicolas Deutschmann , Nikita Janakarajan , Henning Müller , María Rodríguez Martínez
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