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We bridge two research directions on graph neural networks (GNNs), by formalizing the relation between heterophily of node labels (i.e., connected nodes tend to have dissimilar labels) and the robustness of GNNs to adversarial attacks. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiong Zhu , Junchen Jin , Donald Loveland , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra

Graph clustering discovers groups or communities within networks. Deep learning methods such as autoencoders (AE) extract effective clustering and downstream representations but cannot incorporate rich structural information. While Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Gayan K. Kulatilleke , Marius Portmann , Shekhar S. Chandra

Homophily principle, i.e., nodes with the same labels are more likely to be connected, has been believed to be the main reason for the performance superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over Neural Networks on node classification…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Minkai Xu , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Xiao-Wen Chang , Jie Fu , Jure Leskovec , Doina Precup

Attributed graph clustering is challenging as it requires joint modelling of graph structures and node attributes. Recent progress on graph convolutional networks has proved that graph convolution is effective in combining structural and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Xiaotong Zhang , Han Liu , Qimai Li , Xiao-Ming Wu

Graph representation learning aim at integrating node contents with graph structure to learn nodes/graph representations. Nevertheless, it is found that many existing graph learning methods do not work well on data with high heterophily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jincheng Huang , Ping Li , Rui Huang , Chen Na , Acong Zhang

Graph-level clustering remains a pivotal yet formidable challenge in graph learning. Recently, the integration of deep learning with representation learning has demonstrated notable advancements, yielding performance enhancements to a…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Heterogeneous graphs (HGs) are common in real-world scenarios and often exhibit heterophily. However, most existing studies focus on either heterogeneity or heterophily in isolation, overlooking the prevalence of heterophilic HGs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Qin Chen , Guojie Song

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) require a large number of labeled graph samples to obtain good performance on the graph classification task. The performance of GNNs degrades significantly as the number of labeled graph samples decreases. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Abdullah Alchihabi , Yuhong Guo

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have emerged as a popular and standard approach for learning from graph-structured data. The literature on GNN highlights the potential of this evolving research area and its widespread adoption in real-life…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Sukhdeep Singh , Anuj Sharma , Vinod Kumar Chauhan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for processing graph-structured data. However, conventional GNNs and their variants are inherently limited by the homophily assumption, leading to degradation in performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiaqi Lv , Qingfeng Du , Yu Zhang , Yongqi Han , Sheng Li

Graph-based semi-supervised node classification has been shown to become a state-of-the-art approach in many applications with high research value and significance. Most existing methods are only based on the original intrinsic or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Jianpeng Liao , Jun Yan , Qian Tao

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are \emph{discriminative models} that directly model the class posterior $p(y|\mathbf{x})$ for semi-supervised classification of graph data. While being effective, as a representation learning approach,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tianchun Wang , Farzaneh Mirzazadeh , Xiang Zhang , Jie Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered significant attention for their success in learning the representation of homophilic or heterophilic graphs. However, they cannot generalize well to real-world graphs with different levels of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Bingheng Li , Xuanting Xie , Haoxiang Lei , Ruiyi Fang , Zhao Kang

Since the representative capacity of graph-based clustering methods is usually limited by the graph constructed on the original features, it is attractive to find whether graph neural networks (GNNs) can be applied to augment the capacity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Hongyuan Zhang , Jiankun Shi , Rui Zhang , Xuelong Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success but are often considered to be challenged by varying levels of homophily in graphs. Recent \textit{empirical} studies have surprisingly shown that homophilic GNNs can perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ming Gu , Zhuonan Zheng , Sheng Zhou , Meihan Liu , Jiawei Chen , Tanyu Qiao , Liangcheng Li , Jiajun Bu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) struggle to balance heterophily and homophily in representation learning, a challenge further amplified in self-supervised settings. We propose H$^3$GNNs, an end-to-end self-supervised learning framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Rui Xue , Tianfu Wu

Homophily, as a measure, has been critical to increasing our understanding of graph neural networks (GNNs). However, to date this measure has only been analyzed in the context of static graphs. In our work, we explore homophily in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Ito , Danai Koutra , Jenna Wiens

Anomaly detection in graph-structured data is an inherently challenging problem, as it requires the identification of rare nodes that deviate from the majority in both their structural and behavioral characteristics. Existing methods, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mingkang Li , Xuexiong Luo , Yue Zhang , Yaoyang Li , Fu Lin

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a challenging binary classification problem due to its different structural distribution between anomalies and normal nodes -- abnormal nodes are a minority, therefore holding high heterophily and low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Yuan Gao , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Zhenguang Liu , Huamin Feng , Yongdong Zhang