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We explore how to enhance next-token prediction models to perform in-context imitation learning on a real robot, where the robot executes new tasks by interpreting contextual information provided during the input phase, without updating its…

In-context learning (ICL) refers to a remarkable capability of pretrained large language models, which can learn a new task given a few examples during inference. However, theoretical understanding of ICL is largely under-explored,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tong Yang , Yu Huang , Yingbin Liang , Yuejie Chi

Behavioral cloning is an imitation learning technique that teaches an agent how to behave through expert demonstrations. Recent approaches use self-supervision of fully-observable unlabeled snapshots of the states to decode state-pairs into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Nathan Gavenski , Juarez Monteiro , Roger Granada , Felipe Meneguzzi , Rodrigo C. Barros

Decision-making in long-tail scenarios is pivotal to autonomous-driving development, and realistic and challenging simulations play a crucial role in testing safety-critical situations. However, existing open-source datasets lack systematic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Jiangcheng Wang , Kun Su , Qiang Lv , Bin Jiang , Kunkun Hao , Wenyu Wang

In-context learning (ICL) allows Transformers to adapt to novel tasks without weight updates, yet the underlying algorithms remain poorly understood. We adopt a statistical decision-theoretic perspective by investigating simple binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Faris Chaudhry , Siddhant Gadkari

In this work, we aim to achieve efficient end-to-end learning of driving policies in dynamic multi-agent environments. Predicting and anticipating future events at the object level are critical for making informed driving decisions. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Jinkun Cao , Xin Wang , Trevor Darrell , Fisher Yu

Path planning in unknown environments is a crucial yet inherently challenging capability for mobile robots, which primarily encompasses two coupled tasks: autonomous exploration and point-goal navigation. In both cases, the robot must…

It can be difficult to autonomously produce driver behavior so that it appears natural to other traffic participants. Through Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), we can automate this process by learning the underlying reward function from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Keuntaek Lee , David Isele , Evangelos A. Theodorou , Sangjae Bae

Autonomous operations of robots in unknown environments are challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the dynamics of the interactions, such as the objects' movability. This work introduces a novel Causal Reinforcement Learning approach…

Transformers have demonstrated a strong ability for in-context learning (ICL), enabling models to solve previously unseen tasks using only example input output pairs provided at inference time. While prior theoretical work has established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rushil Chandrupatla , Leo Bangayan , Sebastian Leng

We introduce Correlational Image Modeling (CIM), a novel and surprisingly effective approach to self-supervised visual pre-training. Our CIM performs a simple pretext task: we randomly crop image regions (exemplars) from an input image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Wei Li , Jiahao Xie , Chen Change Loy

Vision-based end-to-end driving models trained by imitation learning can lead to affordable solutions for autonomous driving. However, training these well-performing models usually requires a huge amount of data, while still lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Diego Porres , Yi Xiao , Gabriel Villalonga , Alexandre Levy , Antonio M. López

Simulation has long been an essential part of testing autonomous driving systems, but only recently has simulation been useful for building and training self-driving vehicles. Vehicle behavioural models are necessary to simulate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Ao Li , Liting Sun , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Many recent language models (LMs) are capable of in-context learning (ICL), manifested in the LMs' ability to perform a new task solely from natural-language instruction. Previous work curating in-context learners assumes that ICL emerges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Michal Štefánik , Marek Kadlčík , Petr Sojka

This paper presents a localization algorithm for autonomous urban vehicles under rain weather conditions. In adverse weather, human drivers anticipate the location of the ego-vehicle based on the control inputs they provide and surrounding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yu Xiang Tan , Malika Meghjani , Marcel Bartholomeus Prasetyo

Imitation learning is an effective tool for robotic learning tasks where specifying a reinforcement learning (RL) reward is not feasible or where the exploration problem is particularly difficult. Imitation, typically behavior cloning or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Yuxiang Zhou , Yusuf Aytar , Konstantinos Bousmalis

In-context learning (ICL) has transformed the use of large language models (LLMs) for NLP tasks, enabling few-shot learning by conditioning on labeled examples without finetuning. Despite its effectiveness, ICL is prone to errors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Imitation learning (IL) is a frequently used approach for data-efficient policy learning. Many IL methods, such as Dataset Aggregation (DAgger), combat challenges like distributional shift by interacting with oracular experts.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Mandy Xie , Anqi Li , Karl Van Wyk , Frank Dellaert , Byron Boots , Nathan Ratliff

Imitation learning attracts much attention for its ability to allow robots to quickly learn human manipulation skills through demonstrations. However, in the real world, human demonstrations often exhibit random behavior that is not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xizhou Bu , Wenjuan Li , Zhengxiong Liu , Zhiqiang Ma , Panfeng Huang

This paper studies offline Imitation Learning (IL) where an agent learns to imitate an expert demonstrator without additional online environment interactions. Instead, the learner is presented with a static offline dataset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Jonathan D. Chang , Masatoshi Uehara , Dhruv Sreenivas , Rahul Kidambi , Wen Sun