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Recent research on vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown that adversarial policies adopted by an adversary agent can influence a target RL agent (victim agent) to perform poorly in a multi-agent environment. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Thanh H. Nguyen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

This study investigates behavior-targeted attacks on reinforcement learning and their countermeasures. Behavior-targeted attacks aim to manipulate the victim's behavior as desired by the adversary through adversarial interventions in state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shojiro Yamabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

This paper presents an algorithmic framework for learning robust policies in asymmetric imperfect-information games, where the joint reward could depend on the uncertain opponent type (a private information known only to the opponent itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Macheng Shen , Jonathan P. How

Adversarial examples can be useful for identifying vulnerabilities in AI systems before they are deployed. In reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial policies can be developed by training an adversarial agent to minimize a target agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Stephen Casper , Taylor Killian , Gabriel Kreiman , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Control policies, trained using the Deep Reinforcement Learning, have been recently shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks introducing even very small perturbations to the policy input. The attacks proposed so far have been designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Alessio Russo , Alexandre Proutiere

Evaluating security and reliability for multi-agent systems (MAS) is urgent as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. As an evaluation technique, existing adversarial attack frameworks face certain limitations, e.g.,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jianming Chen , Yawen Wang , Junjie Wang , Xiaofei Xie , Yuanzhe Hu , Qing Wang , Fanjiang Xu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies are known to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations to their observations, similar to adversarial examples for classifiers. However, an attacker is not usually able to directly modify another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Adam Gleave , Michael Dennis , Cody Wild , Neel Kant , Sergey Levine , Stuart Russell

Deep neural networks coupled with fast simulation and improved computation have led to recent successes in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, most current RL-based approaches fail to generalize since: (a) the gap between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Lerrel Pinto , James Davidson , Rahul Sukthankar , Abhinav Gupta

In a multirobot system, a number of cyber-physical attacks (e.g., communication hijack, observation perturbations) can challenge the robustness of agents. This robustness issue worsens in multiagent reinforcement learning because there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Chuangchuang Sun , Dong-Ki Kim , Jonathan P. How

We study a security threat to reinforcement learning where an attacker poisons the learning environment to force the agent into executing a target policy chosen by the attacker. As a victim, we consider RL agents whose objective is to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Amin Rakhsha , Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , Xiaojin Zhu , Adish Singla

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

Collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning has rapidly evolved, offering state-of-the-art algorithms for real-world applications, including sensitive domains. However, a key challenge to its widespread adoption is the lack of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Amine Andam , Jamal Bentahar , Mustapha Hedabou

Adversarial optimization algorithms that explicitly search for flaws in agents' policies have been successfully applied to finding robust and diverse policies in multi-agent settings. However, the success of adversarial optimization has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Niklas Lauffer , Ameesh Shah , Micah Carroll , Sanjit A. Seshia , Stuart Russell , Michael Dennis

Deep reinforcement learning has recently made significant progress in solving computer games and robotic control tasks. A known problem, though, is that policies overfit to the training environment and may not avoid rare, catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xinlei Pan , Daniel Seita , Yang Gao , John Canny

Adversarial attacks, e.g., adversarial perturbations of the input and adversarial samples, pose significant challenges to machine learning and deep learning techniques, including interactive recommendation systems. The latent embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Siyu Wang , Yuanjiang Cao , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Quan Z. Sheng

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), ensuring robustness against unpredictable or worst-case actions by allies is crucial for real-world deployment. Existing robust MARL methods either approximate or enumerate all possible threat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Simin Li , Ruixiao Xu , Jingqiao Xiu , Yuwei Zheng , Pu Feng , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents are vulnerable to adversarial disturbances, which can deteriorate task performance or compromise safety specifications. Existing methods either address safety requirements under the assumption of no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Zeyang Li , Chuxiong Hu , Yunan Wang , Yujie Yang , Shengbo Eben Li

The growing prospect of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) being used in cyber-physical systems has raised concerns around safety and robustness of autonomous agents. Recent work on generating adversarial attacks have shown that it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Aaron J. Havens , Zhanhong Jiang , Soumik Sarkar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been an important machine learning paradigm for solving long-horizon sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty. By integrating deep neural networks (DNNs) into the RL framework, deep reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Qizhou Peng , Yang Zheng , Yu Wen , Yanna Wu , Yingying Du
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