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Aggregating multi-site brain MRI data can enhance deep learning model training, but also introduces non-biological heterogeneity caused by site-specific variations (e.g., differences in scanner vendors, acquisition parameters, and imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Mengqi Wu , Yongheng Sun , Qianqian Wang , Pew-Thian Yap , Mingxia Liu

Multimodal learning assumes all modality combinations of interest are available during training to learn cross-modal correspondences. In this paper, we challenge this modality-complete assumption for multimodal learning and instead strive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunhua Zhang , Hazel Doughty , Cees G. M. Snoek

Multimodal machine learning (MML) is rapidly reshaping the way mental-health disorders are detected, characterized, and longitudinally monitored. Whereas early studies relied on isolated data streams -- such as speech, text, or wearable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zahraa Al Sahili , Ioannis Patras , Matthew Purver

Missing data represents a fundamental challenge in machine learning applications, often reducing model performance and reliability. This problem is particularly acute in fields like bioinformatics and clinical machine learning, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Fatemeh Azad , Zoran Bosnić , Matjaž Kukar

Shared embedding spaces are widely used for multimodal search and data curation. In practice, two problems often limit how well this works. First, embeddings can reflect modality more than meaning, so examples cluster by input type even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pratyush Muthukumar , Harshil Kotamreddy , Sarah Amiraslani , Tomo Kanazawa , Ramani Akkati , Shaan Jain , Andrew Mathau

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based multimodal learning integrates brain signals with complementary modalities to improve mental state assessment, providing great clinical potential. The effectiveness of such paradigms largely depends on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Runhe Zhou , Shanglin Li , Guanxiang Huang , Xinliang Zhou , Qibin Zhao , Motoaki Kawanabe , Yi Ding , Cuntai Guan

A large fraction of the electronic health records (EHRs) consists of clinical measurements collected over time, such as lab tests and vital signs, which provide important information about a patient's health status. These sequences of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-02 Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Cristina Soguero-Ruiz , Robert Jenssen

Multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to identify equivalent entity pairs across different multi-modal knowledge graphs (MMKGs). Existing approaches focus on how to better encode and aggregate information from different modalities.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhiwei Hu , Víctor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Zhiliang Xiang , Ru Li , Jeff Z. Pan

We develop an unsupervised probabilistic model for heterogeneous Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. Utilizing a mixture model formulation, our approach directly models sequences of arbitrary length, such as medications and laboratory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Alan D. Kaplan , John D. Greene , Vincent X. Liu , Priyadip Ray

Pretraining multimodal models on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provides a means of learning representations that can transfer to downstream tasks with minimal supervision. Recent multimodal models induce soft local alignments between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Denis Jered McInerney , Geoffrey Young , Jan-Willem van de Meent , Byron C. Wallace

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) aims to enable search across various modalities using a unified model, where queries and candidates can consist of pure text, images, or a combination of both. Previous work has attempted to adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xin Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Wen Xie , Mingxin Li , Ziqi Dai , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Wenjie Li , Min Zhang

This paper discusses how ophthalmologists often rely on multimodal data to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, complete multimodal data is rare in real-world applications due to a lack of medical equipment and concerns about data privacy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Xinkun Wang , Yifang Wang , Senwei Liang , Feilong Tang , Chengzhi Liu , Ming Hu , Chao Hu , Junjun He , Zongyuan Ge , Imran Razzak

In this paper, we study a novel problem in egocentric action recognition, which we term as "Multimodal Generalization" (MMG). MMG aims to study how systems can generalize when data from certain modalities is limited or even completely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Xinyu Gong , Sreyas Mohan , Naina Dhingra , Jean-Charles Bazin , Yilei Li , Zhangyang Wang , Rakesh Ranjan

Studies on emotion recognition (ER) show that combining lexical and acoustic information results in more robust and accurate models. The majority of the studies focus on settings where both modalities are available in training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Gustavo Aguilar , Viktor Rozgić , Weiran Wang , Chao Wang

Multi-institutional electronic health record (Multi-EHR) data have emerged as a powerful resource for developing predictive models to support clinical decisions and for generating reliable real-world evidence. By aggregating information…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yuming Zhang , Congyuan Duan , Dong Xia , Doudou Zhou , Tianxi Cai

Healthcare data are inherently multimodal, including electronic health records (EHR), medical images, and multi-omics data. Combining these multimodal data sources contributes to a better understanding of human health and provides optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Farida Mohsen , Hazrat Ali , Nady El Hajj , Zubair Shah

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has become a promising direction for medical image segmentation, enabling models to learn from limited labeled data alongside abundant unlabeled samples. However, existing SSL approaches for multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Tien-Dat Chung , Ba-Thinh Lam , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Thien Nguyen , Nguyen Lan Vi Vu , Hoang-Loc Cao , Phat Kim Huynh , Min Xu

We present an audio-visual multimodal approach for the task of zeroshot learning (ZSL) for classification and retrieval of videos. ZSL has been studied extensively in the recent past but has primarily been limited to visual modality and to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Kranti Kumar Parida , Neeraj Matiyali , Tanaya Guha , Gaurav Sharma

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) aims to map different modalities (e.g., visual and textual) into a shared embedding space for multi-modal retrieval. Existing UMR methods can be broadly divided into two categories: early-fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Juan Li , Chuanghao Ding , Xujie Zhang , Cam-Tu Nguyen

The MIMIC-IV dataset is a large, publicly available electronic health record (EHR) resource widely used for clinical machine learning research. It comprises multiple modalities, including structured data, clinical notes, waveforms, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Farzana Islam Adiba , Varsha Danduri , Fahmida Liza Piya , Ali Abbasi , Mehak Gupta , Rahmatollah Beheshti