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Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known linear dimension-reduction method that has been widely used in data analysis and modeling. It is an unsupervised learning technique that identifies a suitable linear subspace for the input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Agus Sudjianto , Vijayan Nair

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its nonlinear extension Kernel PCA (KPCA) are widely used across science and industry for data analysis and dimensionality reduction. Modern deep learning tools have achieved great empirical success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Francesco Tonin , Qinghua Tao , Panagiotis Patrinos , Johan A. K. Suykens

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the most widely used tool for linear dimensionality reduction and clustering. Still it is highly sensitive to outliers and does not scale well with respect to the number of data samples. Robust PCA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-24 Nauman Shahid , Vassilis Kalofolias , Xavier Bresson , Michael Bronstein , Pierre Vandergheynst

Sparse functional data arise when measurements are observed infrequently and at irregular time points for each subject, often in the presence of measurement error. These characteristics introduce additional challenges for functional…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-20 Uche Mbaka , Jiguo Cao , Michelle Carey

Gaussian process factor analysis (GPFA) is a latent variable modeling technique commonly used to identify smooth, low-dimensional latent trajectories underlying high-dimensional neural recordings. Specifically, researchers model spiking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yididiya Y. Nadew , Xuhui Fan , Christopher J. Quinn

The robust principal component analysis (RPCA) decomposes a data matrix into a low-rank part and a sparse part. There are mainly two types of algorithms for RPCA. The first type of algorithm applies regularization terms on the singular…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Ningyu Sha , Lei Shi , Ming Yan

Neurons in higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, are known to be tuned to a variety of sensory and motor variables. The resulting diversity of neural tuning often obscures the represented information. Here we introduce a…

We consider the problem of estimating multiple principal components using the recently-proposed Sparse and Functional Principal Components Analysis (SFPCA) estimator. We first propose an extension of SFPCA which estimates several principal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Michael Weylandt

Principal component analysis (PCA) has well-documented merits for data extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA deals with a single dataset at a time, and it is challenged when it comes to analyzing multiple datasets. Yet in certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Gang Wang , Jia Chen , Georgios B. Giannakis

In high-dimensional prediction problems, where the number of features may greatly exceed the number of training instances, fully Bayesian approach with a sparsifying prior is known to produce good results but is computationally challenging.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-15 Juho Piironen , Aki Vehtari

We tackle the challenges of modeling high-dimensional data sets, particularly those with latent low-dimensional structures hidden within complex, non-linear, and noisy relationships. Our approach enables a seamless integration of concepts…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Zichuan Guo , Mihai Cucuringu , Alexander Y. Shestopaloff

Traditional Functional Principal Component Analysis typically focuses on densely observed univariate functional data, yet many applications, particularly in longitudinal studies, involve multivariate functional data observed sparsely and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-23 Uche Mbaka , Michelle Carey

Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is a key machine learning algorithm for extracting nonlinear features from data. In the presence of a large volume of high dimensional data collected in a distributed fashion, it becomes very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Maria-Florina Balcan , Yingyu Liang , Le Song , David Woodruff , Bo Xie

Parametric model checking (PMC) computes algebraic formulae that express key non-functional properties of a system (reliability, performance, etc.) as rational functions of the system and environment parameters. In software engineering, PMC…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Xinwei Fang , Radu Calinescu , Simos Gerasimou , Faisal Alhwikem

We consider Fair Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) and search for a low dimensional subspace that spans multiple target vectors in a fair manner. FPCA is defined as a non-concave maximization of the worst projected target norm within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Gad Zalcberg , Ami Wiesel

Factor models have been widely used in economics and finance. However, the heavy-tailed nature of macroeconomic and financial data is often neglected in the existing literature. To address this issue and achieve robustness, we propose an…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-30 Yong He , Lingxiao Li , Dong Liu , Wen-Xin Zhou

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. Standard PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Jia Chen , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis