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We present a comprehensive and self-contained framework for the efficient classical simulation of Clifford circuits acting on $d$-dimensional qudits, including realistic Pauli/Weyl noise via stochastic simulation. Our approach uses the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Nina Brandl , Mykyta Cherniak , Johannes Kofler , Richard Kueng

We consider the possibility of adding noise to a quantum circuit to make it efficiently simulatable classically. In previous works this approach has been used to derive upper bounds to fault tolerance thresholds - usually by identifying a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-12 M. B. Plenio , S. Virmani

Sampling from the output distributions of quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) computations, is believed to be intractable for classical computers, and hence this task has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Joel Rajakumar , James D. Watson , Yi-Kai Liu

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

We construct a pairwise measurement-based code on eight qubits that is error correcting for circuit noise, with fault distance 3. The code can be implemented on a subset of a rectangular array of qubits with nearest neighbor connectivity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Linnea Grans-Samuelsson , David Aasen , Parsa Bonderson

In this paper, we explore the impact of noise on quantum computing, particularly focusing on the challenges when sampling bit strings from noisy quantum computers as well as the implications for optimization and machine learning…

Recent work has demonstrated that high-threshold quantum error correction is possible for biased-noise qubits, provided one can implement a controlled-not (CX) gate that preserves the bias. Bias-preserving CX gates have been proposed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Jahan Claes , Shruti Puri

High fidelity single and multi-qubit operations compose the backbone of quantum information processing. This fidelity is based on the ability to couple single- or two-qubit levels in an extremely coherent and precise manner. A necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Haim Nakav , Ran Finkelstein , Lee Peleg , Nitzan Akerman , Roee Ozeri

Various sources of noise limit the performance of quantum computers by altering qubit states in an uncontrolled manner throughout computations and reducing their coherence time. In quantum annealers, this noise introduces additional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-19 Tristan Zaborniak , Rogério de Sousa

Computing circuits composed of noisy logical gates and their ability to represent arbitrary Boolean functions with a given level of error are investigated within a statistical mechanics setting. Bounds on their performance, derived in the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-14 Alexander Mozeika , David Saad , Jack Raymond

Classical simulations of noisy stabilizer circuits are often used to estimate the threshold of a quantum error-correcting code. Physical noise sources are efficiently approximated by random insertions of Pauli operators. For a single qubit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Kenneth R. Brown

In multi-qubit system, correlated errors subject to unwanted interactions with other qubits is one of the major obstacles for scaling up quantum computers to be applicable. We present two approaches to correct such noise and demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Xiu-Hao Deng , Yong-Ju Hai , Jun-Ning Li , Yao Song

We consider an approach to fault tolerant quantum computing based on a simple error detecting code operating as the substrate for a conventional surface code. We develop a customised decoder to process the information about the likely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Xiaosi Xu , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Simon C. Benjamin

Semiconductor double quantum dot hybrid qubits are promising candidates for high-fidelity quantum computing. However, their performance is limited by charge noise, which is ubiquitous in solid-state devices, and phonon-induced dephasing.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Yuan-Chi Yang , S. N. Coppersmith , Mark Friesen

We considered various types of potential noise in gates controlling non-adiabatic holonomic transformations of spin-qubits in one and two dimensional systems with the Rashba interaction. It is shown how exact results can be derived for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-10 Lara Ulčakar , Anton Ramšak

Evaluating the reliability of noisy quantum circuits is essential for implementing quantum algorithms on noisy quantum devices. However, current quantum hardware exhibits diverse noise mechanisms whose compounded effects make accurate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Jindi Wu , Tianjie Hu , Qun Li

Finding ground states and low-lying excitations of a given Hamiltonian is one of the most important problems in many fields of physics. As a novel approach, quantum computing on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices offers the…

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware calls for the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests often fall short: they either rely on flawless state preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

As experimental platforms for quantum information processing continue to mature, characterization of the quality of unitary gates that can be applied to their quantum bits (qubits) becomes essential. Eventually, the quality must be…

Randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols are the most widely used methods for assessing the performance of quantum gates. However, the existing RB methods either do not scale to many qubits or cannot benchmark a universal gate set. Here, we…