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Artificial intelligence (AI) models are becoming key components in an autonomous vehicle (AV), especially in handling complicated perception tasks. However, closing the loop through AI-based feedback may pose significant risks on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Tao Yan , Zheyu Zhang , Jingjing Jiang , Wen-Hua Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach to motion planning in autonomous driving, where an optimal driving policy can be automatically learned using the interaction data with the environment. Nevertheless, the reward function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lin-Chi Wu , Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert , Zhiqiang Ma , Zhiyong Sun

While recent developments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology highlight substantial progress, we lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de facto}$ evaluation environment, places the public in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha , Hongseok Namkoong , John Duchi , Russ Tedrake

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) presents an opportunity to save and improve lives. However, achieving SAE Level 5 (full) autonomy will require overcoming many technical challenges. There is a gap in the literature regarding the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Eduardo Candela , Yuxiang Feng , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Yiannis Demiris

Motion planning at urban intersections that accounts for the situation context, handles occlusions, and deals with measurement and prediction uncertainty is a major challenge on the way to urban automated driving. In this work, we address…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Johannes Müller , Jan Strohbeck , Martin Herrmann , Michael Buchholz

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are complex systems that drive in uncertain environments and potentially navigate unforeseeable situations. Safety of these systems requires not only an absence of malfunctions but also high performance of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Anne Collin , Artur Bilka , Scott Pendleton , Radboud Duintjer Tebbens

We present a novel method for testing the safety of self-driving vehicles in simulation. We propose an alternative to sensor simulation, as sensor simulation is expensive and has large domain gaps. Instead, we directly simulate the outputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Kelvin Wong , Qiang Zhang , Ming Liang , Bin Yang , Renjie Liao , Abbas Sadat , Raquel Urtasun

It is important to build a rigorous verification and validation (V&V) process to evaluate the safety of highly automated vehicles (HAVs) before their wide deployment on public roads. In this paper, we propose an interaction-aware framework…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Xinpeng Wang , Songan Zhang , Kuan-Hui Lee , Huei Peng

Autonomous vehicles (AV) depend on the sensors like RADAR and camera for the perception of the environment, path planning, and control. With the increasing autonomy and interactions with the complex environment, there have been growing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Abu Hasnat Mohammad Rubaiyat , Yongming Qin , Homa Alemzadeh

Driven by the rapid evolution of Vision-Action and Vision-Language-Action models, imitation learning has significantly advanced robotic manipulation capabilities. However, evaluation methodologies have lagged behind, hindering the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mengyuan Liu , Juyi Sheng , Peiming Li , Ziyi Wang , Tianming Xu , Tiantian Xu , Hong Liu

Intelligent devices for supporting persons with vision impairment are becoming more widespread, but they are lacking behind the advancements in intelligent driver assistant system. To make a first step forward, this work discusses the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Amine Tourki , Paul Prevel , Nils Einecke , Tim Puphal , Alexandre Alahi

Having efficient testing strategies is a core challenge that needs to be overcome for the release of automated driving. This necessitates clear requirements as well as suitable methods for testing. In this work, the requirements for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Ken Mori , Kai Storms , Steven Peters

In recent years, vision-centric perception has flourished in various autonomous driving tasks, including 3D detection, semantic map construction, motion forecasting, and depth estimation. Nevertheless, the latency of vision-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Yunpeng Zhang , Guan Huang , Yun Ye , Wenbo Xu , Ziwei Chen , Xingang Wang

Accurately assessing collision risk in dynamic traffic scenarios is a crucial requirement for trajectory planning in autonomous vehicles~(AVs) and enables a comprehensive safety evaluation of automated driving systems. To that end, this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Han Wang , Yuneil Yeo , Antonio R. Paiva , Jean Utke , Maria Laura Delle Monache

Complete perception of the environment and its correct interpretation is crucial for autonomous vehicles. Object perception is the main component of automotive surround sensing. Various metrics already exist for the evaluation of object…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Georg Volk , Jörg Gamerdinger , Alexander von Bernuth , Oliver Bringmann

In this work, we propose a compositional data-driven approach for the formal estimation of collision risks for autonomous vehicles (AVs) while acting in a stochastic multi-agent framework. The proposed approach is based on the construction…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Abolfazl Lavaei , Luigi Di Lillo , Andrea Censi , Emilio Frazzoli

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

This paper presents a tool for addressing a key component in many algorithms for planning robot trajectories under uncertainty: evaluation of the safety of a robot whose actions are governed by a closed-loop feedback policy near a nominal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-05 Edward Schmerling , Marco Pavone

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have significantly advanced in real-world deployment in recent years, yet safety continues to be a critical barrier to widespread adoption. Traditional functional safety approaches, which primarily verify the…

Optimal cruise control design can increase highway throughput and vehicle safety in traffic flow. In most heterogeneous platoons, the absence of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication poses challenges in maintaining system stability and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Vishrut Bohara , Siavash Farzan