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Weighted Max-SAT is the optimization version of SAT and many important problems can be naturally encoded as such. Solving weighted Max-SAT is an important problem from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. In recent years, there…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Javier Larrosa , Federico Heras , Simon de Givry

Classical or quantum physical systems can simulate the Ising Hamiltonian for large-scale optimization and machine learning. However, devices such as quantum annealers and coherent Ising machines suffer an exponential drop in the probability…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-09 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

Optimization problems such as the NP-complete 3-SAT provide an important benchmark for the difficult task of finding ground-states in strongly correlated many-body systems with rugged energy landscapes. The study of random 3-SAT problems as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 J. Schwardt , J. C. Budich

Spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) based on spatial light modulators (SLMs) have emerged as highly effective solvers for many tasks, including combinatorial optimization problems and spin-glass simulations. However, traditional SPIMs…

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

While accelerated computing has transformed many domains of computing, its impact on logical reasoning, specifically Boolean satisfiability (SAT), remains limited. State-of-the-art SAT solvers rely heavily on inherently sequential…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Steve Dai , Cunxi Yu , Kalyan Krishnamani , Brucek Khailany

The general-purpose programmable photonic processors offer a scalable and reconfigurable solution for a wide range of RF and optical applications. Therefore, implementing photonic Ising machines using programmable processors leverages the…

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to solve the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem, using noise-based logic (NBL). Contrary to what the name may suggest, NBL is not a random/fuzzy logic system. In fact, it is a completely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-05 Pey-Chang Kent Lin , Ayan Mandal , Sunil P Khatri

This article critically investigates the limitations of the simulated annealing algorithm using probabilistic bits (pSA) in solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. The study begins with an in-depth analysis of the pSA…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Naoya Onizawa , Takahiro Hanyu

A novel artificial neural network approach to constraint satisfaction problems is presented. Based on information-theoretical considerations, it differs from a conventional mean-field approach in the form of the resulting free energy. The…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Henrik Jonsson , Bo Soderberg

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Eiji Kawase , Shuta Kikuchi , Hideaki Tamai , Shu Tanaka

Ising solvers offer a promising physics-based approach to tackle the challenging class of combinatorial optimization problems. However, typical solvers operate in a quadratic energy space, having only pair-wise coupling elements which…

To enhance the performance of quantum annealing machines, several methods have been proposed to reduce the number of spins by fixing spin values through preprocessing. We proposed a hybrid optimization method that combines a simulated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-22 Shuta Kikuchi , Nozomu Togawa , Shu Tanaka

As we approach the physical limits predicted by Moore's law, a variety of specialized hardware is emerging to tackle specialized tasks in different domains. Within combinatorial optimization, adiabatic quantum computers, CMOS annealers, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Xiaoyuan Liu , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Avradip Mandal , Sarvagya Upadhyay , Ilya Safro , Arnab Roy

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial for widespread applications but remain difficult to solve on a large scale with conventional hardware. Novel optical platforms, known as coherent or photonic Ising machines, are attracting…

Optics · Physics 2020-05-19 D. Pierangeli , G. Marcucci , C. Conti

The common feature for a nontrivial hard problem is the existence of nontrivial topological structures, non-planarity graphs, nonlocalities, or long-range spin entanglements in a model system with randomness. For instance, the Boolean…

General Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Zhidong Zhang

The solution-space structure of the 3-Satisfiability Problem (3-SAT) is studied as a function of the control parameter alpha (ratio of number of clauses to the number of variables) using numerical simulations. For this purpose, one has to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-18 Alexander Mann , A. K. Hartmann

In this paper, we present ReaS, a technique that combines numerical optimization with SAT solving to synthesize unknowns in a program that involves discrete and floating point computation. ReaS makes the program end-to-end differentiable by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Jeevana Priya Inala , Sicun Gao , Soonho Kong , Armando Solar-Lezama

Physical annealing systems provide heuristic approaches to solving NP-hard Ising optimization problems. Here, we study the performance of two types of annealing machines--a commercially available quantum annealer built by D-Wave Systems,…

Satisfiability filters, introduced by S. A. Weaver et al. in 2014, are a new and promising type of filters to address set membership testing. In order to construct satisfiability filters, it is necessary to find disparate solutions to hard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-10 Marlon Azinović , Daniel Herr , Bettina Heim , Ethan Brown , Matthias Troyer