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Most cosmological data analysis today relies on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, providing the basis of the current standard cosmological model. Within this framework, interesting tensions between our increasingly…
By mapping sites at large scales using remotely sensed data, archaeologists can generate unique insights into long-term demographic trends, inter-regional social networks, and past adaptations to climate change. Remote sensing surveys…
Understanding the Universe's origins and evolution remains one of the most fundamental challenges in modern cosmology. This white paper explores three key science priorities in this field: unravelling the physics of cosmic inflation,…
The measurement of large scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions is generally performed through harmonic analyses of the right ascension distribution as a function of energy. These measurements are challenging due to the small…
Given the impressive investment by the nation in observational Astronomy and Astrophysics facilities coming on line now and in the near future, we advocate for an increased investment in applied and fundamental research on Astrophysical and…
In recent years the possibility of measuring the temporal change of radial and transverse position of sources in the sky in real time have become conceivable thanks to the thoroughly improved technique applied to new astrometric and…
Aiming to fill a crucial gap in our observational knowledge of the early Universe, experiments around the world continue to attempt to verify the claimed detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment.…
The dramatic confrontation between new observations and theories of the early and recent universe makes cosmology one of the most rapidly advancing fields in the physical sciences. The universe is a unique laboratory in which to probe…
The accurate and efficient representation of atmospheric dynamics remains a central challenge in numerical weather prediction. A particular difficulty arises from the strong anisotropy of the atmosphere, in which horizontal and vertical…
The ANTARES observatory is currently the largest neutrino telescope in the Northern Hemisphere. It is well suited to detect high energy neutrinos produced in astrophysical sources as it can observe a full hemisphere of the sky at all the…
The redshifted 21 cm line is an emerging tool in cosmology, in principle permitting three-dimensional surveys of our Universe that reach unprecedentedly large volumes, previously inaccessible length scales, and hitherto unexplored epochs of…
Modern stellar structure and evolution theory experiences a lack of observational calibrations for the interior physics of intermediate- and high-mass stars. This leads to discrepancies between theoretical predictions and observed phenomena…
High-precision cosmological probes have revealed a small but significant tension between the parameters measured with different techniques, among which there is one based on time delays in gravitational lenses. We discuss a new way of using…
A primary goal of a deep-sea neutrino telescopes as ANTARES is the search for astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range. ANTARES is today the largest neutrino telescope in the Northern hemisphere. After the discovery of a cosmic neutrino…
Data-driven approaches play a crucial role in space computing, and our paper focuses on analyzing data to learn more about celestial objects. Photometric redshift, a measure of the shift of light towards the red part of the spectrum, helps…
The good agreement between large-scale observations and the predictions of the now-standard $\Lambda$CDM theory gives us hope that this will become a lasting foundation for cosmology. After briefly reviewing the current status of the key…
To use strong gravitational lenses as an astrophysical or cosmological probe, models of their mass distributions are often needed. We present a new, time-efficient automation code for uniform modeling of strongly lensed quasars with GLEE, a…
FRAM - F/(Ph)otometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor is the latest addition to the atmospheric monitoring instruments of the Pierre Auger Observatory. An optical telescope equipped with CCD camera and photometer, it automatically observes a…
Detecting the large-scale structure of the Universe based on the galaxy distribution and characterising its components is of fundamental importance in astrophysics but is also a difficult task to achieve. Wide-area spectroscopic redshift…
We present the development of a new algorithm which combines state-of-the-art energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy theory and a suitable machine learning formulation for the hyperspectral unmixing of scanning transmission electron…