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In this essay, we argue that an observer outside the horizon can reconstruct the geometry of a black hole's interior through external measurements. This procedure builds on recent studies of the holographic duality of timelike entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-29 Wu-zhong Guo

We investigate the bulk reconstruction of AdS black hole spacetime emergent from quantum entanglement within a machine learning framework. Utilizing neural ordinary differential equations alongside Monte-Carlo integration, we develop a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-09 Byoungjoon Ahn , Hyun-Sik Jeong , Keun-Young Kim , Kwan Yun

We provide a formula to reconstruct bulk spacetime metrics inside black holes by the time dependence of complexity in the dual quantum field theory, based on the complexity=volume (CV) conjecture in the holographic duality.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-13 Koji Hashimoto , Ryota Watanabe

We investigate the reconstruction of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) bulk geometries from boundary entanglement entropy data for ball-shaped entangling regions. By deriving an explicit inversion formula, we relate variations in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-22 Niko Jokela , Tony Liimatainen , Miika Sarkkinen , Leo Tzou

According to the AdS/CFT correspondence, the geometries of certain spacetimes are fully determined by quantum states that live on their boundaries -- indeed, by the von Neumann entropies of portions of those boundary states. This work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 Scott Aaronson , Jason Pollack

We propose a CFT definition of local observables in both the exterior and interior of bulk black holes, whenever such an interior exists. We achieve this by introducing a small microcanonical black hole as a "probe" and using its modular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-01 Jan de Boer , Daniel Louis Jafferis , Lampros Lamprou

Recent work has shown that entanglement and the structure of spacetime are intimately related. One way to investigate this is to begin with an entanglement entropy in a conformal field theory (CFT) and use the AdS/CFT correspondence to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-13 Ashton Lowenstein , Avik Chakraborty

Using the tensor Radon transform and related numerical methods, we study how bulk geometries can be explicitly reconstructed from boundary entanglement entropies in the specific case of $\mathrm{AdS}_3/\mathrm{CFT}_2$. We find that, given…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 ChunJun Cao , Xiao-Liang Qi , Brian Swingle , Eugene Tang

We study the structure and dynamics of entanglement in CFTs and black holes. We use a local entanglement measure, the entanglement contour, which is a spatial density function for von Neumann entropy with some additional properties. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-09 Andrew Rolph

We propose a method to reconstruct the metric and its arbitrary-order derivatives at the horizon for any static, planar-symmetric black hole, using an infinite set of discrete pole-skipping points in momentum space where the boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-16 Zhenkang Lu , Cheng Ran , Shao-feng Wu

Most of the literature in the \emph{bulk reconstruction program} in holography focuses on recovering local bulk operators propagating on a quasilocal bulk geometry and the knowledge of the bulk geometry is always assumed or guessed. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-01 Shubho R. Roy , Debajyoti Sarkar

Recent work has shown how to obtain the Page curve of an evaporating black hole from holographic computations of entanglement entropy. We show how these computations can be justified using the replica trick, from geometries with a spacetime…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-16 Geoff Penington , Stephen H. Shenker , Douglas Stanford , Zhenbin Yang

In this article, we investigate the quantum circuit complexity and entanglement entropy in the recently studied black hole gas framework using the two-mode squeezed states formalism written in arbitrary dimensional spatially flat…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-03 Kiran Adhikari , Sayantan Choudhury , Satyaki Chowdhury , K. Shirish , Abinash Swain

Motivated by the holographic principle, within the context of the AdS/CFT Correspondence in the large t'Hooft limit, we investigate how the geometry of certain highly symmetric bulk spacetimes can be recovered given information of physical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-16 Samuel Bilson

To model the interior of a black hole, a study is made of a spin system with long-range random four-spin couplings that exhibits quantum chaos. The black hole limit corresponds to a system where the microstates are approximately degenerate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 David A Lowe , Mengyang Tong

We introduce a general approach to realize quantum states with holographic entanglement structure via monitored dynamics. Starting from random unitary circuits in $1+1$ dimensions, we introduce measurements with a spatiotemporally-modulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Aditya Cowsik , Matteo Ippoliti , Xiao-Liang Qi

We present analytic methods for extracting a class of bulk geometries given information of certain physical quantities in the boundary CFT. More specifically we look at singular correlators and entanglement entropy in the CFT to provide…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-07 Samuel Bilson

We examine how to construct a spatial manifold and its geometry from the entanglement structure of an abstract quantum state in Hilbert space. Given a decomposition of Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ into a tensor product of factors, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 ChunJun Cao , Sean M. Carroll , Spyridon Michalakis

In this paper, the two reconstruction methods, light-cone cuts method and hole-ography, are combined to provide complete bulk metrics of locally AdS$_3$ static spacetimes. As examples, our method is applied to the geometries of pure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-11 Daichi Takeda

We define a generalized entanglement measure in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Compared to the ordinary entanglement entropy for a spatial subregion dual to the area of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface, we take into account both…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-11-10 Marius Gerbershagen
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