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We introduce the concept of back-reaction in relativistic cosmological modeling. Roughly speaking, this can be thought of as the difference between the large-scale behaviour of an inhomogeneous cosmological solution of Einstein's equations,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Timothy Clifton

With the next generation of big telescopes such as the ELT and SKA it might become possible to measure changes in the expansion rate of the Universe in real time by measuring the change of the redshifts of a large number of galaxies over a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Nico Roos , Eric Sluimer , Bert van den Broek

It has been suggested that the accelerated expansion of the Universe is due to backreaction of small scale density perturbations on the large scale spacetime geometry. While evidence against this suggestion has accumulated, it has not yet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-09-16 Eran Rosenthal , Éanna É. Flanagan

Recent calculations using non-linear relativistic cosmological perturbation theory show biases in the mean luminosity distance and distance modulus at low redshift. We show that these effects may be understood very simply as a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-30 Nick Kaiser , Michael J. Hudson

Redshift drift effect, an observational probe that indenpendent of cosmological models, presents unique applications in specific cosmological epoch. By quantifying redshift drift signal , researchers can determine the rate of the Universe's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-22 Jiangang Kang , Guangyuan Song , Tong Jie Zhang , Ming Zhu

Redshift drift refers to the phenomena that redshift of cosmic objects is a function of time. Measurement of redshift drift is of fundamental importance in physical cosmology and can be utilized to distinguish different cosmological models.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-16 Snehasish Bhattacharjee , P. K. Sahoo

The luminosity distance - redshift relation is analytically given for generalized Randall-Sundrum type II brane-world models containing dark radiation. The derived expressions contain both elementary functions and elliptic integrals of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-01 Zoltán Keresztes , László Á. Gergely , Botond Nagy , Gyula M. Szabó

The cosmological redshift phenomenon can be described by the dark matter field fluid model, the results deduced from this model agree very well with the observations. The observed cosmological redshift of light depends on both the speed of…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hongjun Pan

The effective evolution of an inhomogeneous universe model in Einstein's theory of gravitation may be described in terms of spatially averaged scalar variables. This evolution can be modeled by solutions of a set of Friedmann equations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-25 Thomas Buchert

Subject of this contribution is to demonstrate that the observed faintness of the supernovae at the high redshift can be considered as a manifestation of quantum effects at cosmological scales. We show that observed redshift distribution of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Kuzmichev

The cosmological redshift drift promises to be the first observable directly measuring the evolution of the cosmic expansion rate and should be detectable with upcoming surveys by the Square Kilometre Array and the Extremely Large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-13 Alexander Oestreicher , Chris Clarkson , Julian Adamek , Sofie Marie Koksbang

A common belief about big-bang cosmology is that the cosmological redshift cannot be properly viewed as a Doppler shift (that is, as evidence for a recession velocity), but must be viewed in terms of the stretching of space. We argue that,…

Popular Physics · Physics 2010-11-02 Emory F. Bunn , David W. Hogg

There are two redshifts in cosmology: $z_{obs}$, the observed redshift computed via spectral lines, and the model redshift, $z$, defined by the effective FLRW scale factor. In general these do not coincide. We place observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-06 Bruce A. Bassett , Yabebal Fantaye , Renée Hložek , Cristiano Sabiu , Mat Smith

In this review, we investigate the question of backreaction in different approaches to cosmological perturbation theory, and with a special focus on quantum theoretical aspects. By backreaction, we refer here to the effects of matter field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-29 S. Schander , T. Thiemann

We consider redshift drift in a general space-time as expressed in terms of physically interpretable multipole series. An important realisation from the derived results is that redshift drift cannot in general be thought of as a direct…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Asta Heinesen

Smoothing over structures in general relativity leads to a renormalisation of the background, and potentially many other effects which are poorly understood. Observables such as the distance-redshift relation when averaged on the sky do not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Chris Clarkson , Obinna Umeh

In the context of second order perturbation theory, cosmological backreaction is seen to rescale both time and the scale factor. The issue of the homogeneous limit of long-wavelength perturbations is addressed and backreaction is quantified…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Parry

Averaging and evolving inhomogeneities are non-commuting operations. This implies the existence of deviations of an averaged model from the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies. We quantify these deviations, encoded in a backreaction…

Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-26 Thomas Buchert , Martin Kerscher , Christian Sicka

The recent transition from decelerated to accelerated expansion can be seen as a reflection (or "bounce") in the connection variable, defined by the inverse comoving Hubble length ($b=\dot a$, on-shell). We study the quantum cosmology of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-06 Bruno Alexandre , Joao Magueijo

We examine the cosmological redshift-space distortion effect on the power spectrum of the objects at high-redshifts, which is an unavoidable observational contamination in general relativistic cosmology. In particular, we consider the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hiromitsu Magira , Y. P. Jing , Yasushi Suto