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We consider the number of solutions in positive integers $(x,y,z)$ for the purely exponential Diophantine equation $a^x+b^y =c^z$ (with $\gcd(a,b)=1$). Apart from a list of known exceptions, a conjecture published in 2016 claims that this…
The arithmetic of natural numbers has a natural and simple encoding within sets, and the simplest set whose structure is not that of any natural number extends this set-theoretic representation to positive and negative integers. The…
We construct the first linear strand of the minimal free resolutions of edge ideals of $d$-partite $d$-uniform clutters. We show that the first linear strand is supported on a relative simplicial complex. In the case that the edge ideals of…
For any prime $p$ and $\varepsilon>0$ we prove that for any sufficiently large positive odd integer $s$ at least $(c_p-\varepsilon) \sqrt{\frac{s}{\log s}}$ of the $p$-adic zeta values $\zeta_p(3),\zeta_p(5),\dots,\zeta_p(s)$ are…
Motivated by independent results of Bizley and Duchon, we study rational Dyck paths and their subset of factor-free elements. On the one hand, we give a bijection between rational Dyck paths and regular Dyck paths with ascents colored by…
The "square peg problem" or "inscribed square problem" of Toeplitz asks if every simple closed curve in the plane inscribes a (non-degenerate) square, in the sense that all four vertices of that square lie on the curve. By a variety of…
We examine the ranks of a subfamily of curves in a previous article, which are derived from the existence of solutions to certain Pell equations. We exhibit an abundance of curves of moderately large rank, and prove under mild conditions…
We give conditions on the rational numbers a,b,c which imply that there are infinitely many triples (x,y,z) of rational numbers such that x+y+z=a+b+c and xyz=abc. We do the same for the equations x+y+z=a+b+c and x^3+y^3+z^3=a^3+b^3+c^3.…
We establish the small data solvability of suitable quasilinear wave and Klein-Gordon equations in high regularity spaces on a geometric class of spacetimes including asymptotically de Sitter spaces. We obtain our results by proving the…
The abc conjecture is one of the most famous unsolved problems in number theory. The conjecture claims for each real $\epsilon > 0$ that there are only a finite number of coprime positive integer solutions to the equation $a+b = c$ with $c…
Rational approximations to a square root $\sqrt{k}$ can be produced by iterating the transformation $f(x) = (dx+k)/(x+d)$ starting from $\infty$ for any positive integer $d$. We show that these approximations coincide infinitely often with…
This is an English translation from the Latin original of Leonhard Euler's ``Solutio facilior problematis Diophantei circa triangulum, in quo rectae ex angulis latera opposita bisecantes rationaliter exprimantur''. In this paper, Euler…
We consider conditions for uniqueness of the solution of the Dirichlet or the Neumann problem for 2-dimensional wave equation inside of bi-quadratic algebraic curve. We show that the solution is non-trivial if and only if corresponding…
We investigate quadrature rules for measures supported on real algebraic and rational curves, focusing on the {odd-degree} case \(2s-1\). Adopting an optimization viewpoint, we minimize suitable penalty functions over the space of…
We show that for infinitely many square-free integers q there exist infinitely many triples of rational numbers {a, b, c} such that a^2 + q, b^2 + q, c^2 + q, ab + q, ac + q and bc + q are squares of rational numbers.
We study combinatorial properties of a rational Dyck path by decomposing it into a tuple of Dyck paths. The combinatorial models such as $b$-Stirling permutations, $(b+1)$-ary trees, parenthesis presentations, and binary trees play central…
We consider a two-dimensional commutative algebra B over the field of complex numbers. The algebra B is associated with the biharmonic equation. For monogenic functions with values in B, we consider a Schwartz-type boundary value problem…
A conjecture of Kalai asserts that for $d\geq 4$, the affine type of a prime simplicial $d$-polytope $P$ can be reconstructed from the space of affine $2$-stresses of $P$. We prove this conjecture for all $d\geq 5$. We also prove the…
We study the $2$-Selmer ranks of elliptic curves. We prove that for an arbitrary elliptic curve $E$ over an arbitrary number field $K$, if the set $A_E$ of 2-Selmer ranks of quadratic twists of $E$ contains an integer $c$, it contains all…
The surface $z^2=ay^2+P(x), \, a \in k, \, P(x) \in k[x]$ is not $k$-rational, if $a \not\in k^2$ and $P(x)$ satisfies some conditions. This result essentially due to Iskovskih but his statement is in terms of algebraic geometry, and not so…