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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

A pruned variant of polar coding is proposed for binary erasure channels. For sufficiently small $\varepsilon>0$, we construct a series of capacity achieving codes with block length $N=\varepsilon^{-5}$, code rate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Hsin-Po Wang , Iwan Duursma

We give a construction of Quantum Low-Density Parity Check (QLDPC) codes with near-optimal rate-distance tradeoff and efficient list decoding up to the Johnson bound in polynomial time. Previous constructions of list decodable good distance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Thiago Bergamaschi , Fernando Granha Jeronimo , Tushant Mittal , Shashank Srivastava , Madhur Tulsiani

We give improved lower bounds for binary $3$-query locally correctable codes (3-LCCs) $C \colon \{0,1\}^k \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$. Specifically, we prove: (1) If $C$ is a linear design 3-LCC, then $n \geq 2^{(1 - o(1))\sqrt{k} }$. A design…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Pravesh K. Kothari , Peter Manohar

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of pre-transformed polar codes, termed as deep polar codes. We first present a deep polar encoder that harnesses a series of multi-layered polar transformations with varying sizes. Our approach to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Geon Choi , Namyoon Lee

Linear Programming (LP) decoding is emerging as an attractive alternative to decode Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. However, the earliest LP decoders proposed for binary and nonbinary LDPC codes are not suitable for use at moderate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-17 Mayur Punekar , Mark F. Flanagan

A locally recoverable code (LRC code) is a code over a finite alphabet such that every symbol in the encoding is a function of a small number of other symbols that form a recovering set. Bounds on the rate and distance of such codes have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-06 Itzhak Tamo , Alexander Barg

Quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are an important instance of proto-graph-based LDPC codes. In this paper we present upper bounds on the minimum Hamming distance of QC LDPC codes and study how these upper bounds…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Roxana Smarandache , Pascal O. Vontobel

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their performance under iterative decoding is strongly influenced by short-cycle structure and other harmful…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anthony Gómez-Fonseca , Gretchen L. Matthews , Kirsten D. Morris , Tefjol Pllaha

We consider the problem of coded computing, where a computational task is performed in a distributed fashion in the presence of adversarial workers. We propose techniques to break the adversarial toleration threshold barrier previously…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Mahdi Soleymani , Ramy E. Ali , Hessam Mahdavifar , A. Salman Avestimehr

We examine LDPC codes decoded using linear programming (LP). Four contributions to the LP framework are presented. First, a new method of tightening the LP relaxation, and thus improving the LP decoder, is proposed. Second, we present an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 David Burshtein , Idan Goldenberg

We describe a new parameterized family of symmetric error-correcting codes with low-density parity-check matrices (LDPC). Our codes can be described in two seemingly different ways. First, in relation to Reed-Muller codes: our codes are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Irit Dinur , Siqi Liu , Rachel Yun Zhang

Constant-dimension codes (CDCs) have been investigated for noncoherent error correction in random network coding. The maximum cardinality of CDCs with given minimum distance and how to construct optimal CDCs are both open problems, although…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-17 Maximilien Gadouleau , Zhiyuan Yan

Random linear codes are a workhorse in coding theory, and are used to show the existence of codes with the best known or even near-optimal trade-offs in many noise models. However, they have little structure besides linearity, and are not…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Venkatesan Guruswami , Jonathan Mosheiff

This paper presents a stochastic algorithm for iterative error control decoding. We show that the stochastic decoding algorithm is an approximation of the sum-product algorithm. When the code's factor graph is a tree, as with trellises, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Chris Winstead , Anthony Rapley , Vincent C. Gaudet , Christian Schlegel

Row-merged polar codes are a family of pre-transformed polar codes (PTPCs) with little precoding overhead. Providing an improved distance spectrum over plain polar codes, they are capable to perform close to the finite-length capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Andreas Zunker , Marvin Geiselhart , Lucas Johannsen , Claus Kestel , Stephan ten Brink , Timo Vogt , Norbert Wehn

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes are capable of achieving excellent performance with low encoding and decoding complexity. In this paper we discuss several graph-cover-based methods for deriving families of time-invariant…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Ali E. Pusane , Roxana Smarandache , Pascal O. Vontobel , Daniel J. Costello

The success of deep learning (DL) is often achieved with large models and high complexity during both training and post-training inferences, hindering training in resource-limited settings. To alleviate these issues, this paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 En-hui Yang , Shayan Mohajer Hamidi

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes check if a codeword is correctly received. This paper presents an algorithm to design CRC codes that are optimized for the code-specific error behavior of a specified feedforward convolutional code. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-10 Chung-Yu Lou , Babak Daneshrad , Richard D. Wesel

First- and second-order Reed-Muller (RM(1) and RM(2), respectively) codes are two fundamental error-correcting codes which arise in communication as well as in probabilistically-checkable proofs and learning. In this paper, we take the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-07-16 A. R. Calderbank , Anna C. Gilbert , Martin J. Strauss