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Document-based Visual Question Answering examines the document understanding of document images in conditions of natural language questions. We proposed a new document-based VQA dataset, PDF-VQA, to comprehensively examine the document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Hyunsuk Chung , Soyeon Caren Han

Information Retrieval (IR) methods aim to identify documents relevant to a query, which have been widely applied in various natural language tasks. However, existing approaches typically consider only the textual content within documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaewoo Lee , Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

Table answering questions from business documents has many challenges that require understanding tabular structures, cross-document referencing, and additional numeric computations beyond simple search queries. This paper introduces a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Phuc Nguyen , Nam Tuan Ly , Hideaki Takeda , Atsuhiro Takasu

Breaking long documents into smaller segments is a fundamental challenge in information retrieval. Whether for search engines, question-answering systems, or retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), effective segmentation determines how well…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Christos Koutsiaris

Visual question answering (or VQA) is a new and exciting problem that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques. We present a survey of the various datasets and models that have been used to tackle this task. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Akshay Kumar Gupta

As black-box AI-driven decision-making systems become increasingly widespread in modern document processing workflows, improving their transparency and reliability has become critical, especially in high-stakes applications where biases or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Saifullah Saifullah , Stefan Agne , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) filing is a document released when a private firm goes public, allowing individual (retail) investors to purchase its shares. These filings describe a firm's business, financials, and risks and are long,…

The automated analysis of administrative documents is an important field in document recognition that is studied for decades. Invoices are key documents among these huge amounts of documents available in companies and public services.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Thomas Saout , Frédéric Lardeux , Frédéric Saubion

The progress of composed image retrieval (CIR), a popular research direction in image retrieval, where a combined visual and textual query is used, is held back by the absence of high-quality training and evaluation data. We introduce a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bill Psomas , George Retsinas , Nikos Efthymiadis , Panagiotis Filntisis , Yannis Avrithis , Petros Maragos , Ondrej Chum , Giorgos Tolias

Multi-page Document Visual Question Answering (MP-DocVQA) remains challenging because long documents not only strain computational resources but also reduce the effectiveness of the attention mechanism in large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zongmin Li , Yachuan Li , Lei Kang , Dimosthenis Karatzas , Wenkang Ma

We propose the task of free-form and open-ended Visual Question Answering (VQA). Given an image and a natural language question about the image, the task is to provide an accurate natural language answer. Mirroring real-world scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Aishwarya Agrawal , Jiasen Lu , Stanislaw Antol , Margaret Mitchell , C. Lawrence Zitnick , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh

We propose DocVXQA, a novel framework for visually self-explainable document question answering. The framework is designed not only to produce accurate answers to questions but also to learn visual heatmaps that highlight contextually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Changkyu Choi , Andrey Barsky , Kangsoo Jung , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Understanding and extracting of information from large documents, such as business opportunities, academic articles, medical documents and technical reports, poses challenges not present in short documents. Such large documents may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

With the rapid advancement of natural language processing (NLP) technologies, the demand for high-quality Chinese document question-answering datasets is steadily growing. To address this issue, we present the Chinese Multi-Document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jing Gao , Shutiao Luo , Yumeng Liu , Yuanming Li , Hongji Zeng

Information Retrieval (IR) aims at retrieving documents that are most relevant to a query provided by a user. Traditional techniques rely mostly on syntactic methods. In some cases, however, links at a deeper semantic level must be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Marcello Balduccini , Emily LeBlanc

Recent studies on machine reading comprehension have focused on text-level understanding but have not yet reached the level of human understanding of the visual layout and content of real-world documents. In this study, we introduce a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ryota Tanaka , Kyosuke Nishida , Sen Yoshida

One of the most important assets of any company is being able to easily access information on itself and on its business. In this line, it has been observed that this important information is often stored in one of the millions of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-02 Jácome Cunha , João Paulo Fernandes , Rui Pereira , João Saraiva

Document understanding tasks, in particular, Visually-rich Document Entity Retrieval (VDER), have gained significant attention in recent years thanks to their broad applications in enterprise AI. However, publicly available data have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lijun Yu , Jin Miao , Xiaoyu Sun , Jiayi Chen , Alexander G. Hauptmann , Hanjun Dai , Wei Wei

Managing the data for Information Retrieval (IR) experiments can be challenging. Dataset documentation is scattered across the Internet and once one obtains a copy of the data, there are numerous different data formats to work with. Even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Sean MacAvaney , Andrew Yates , Sergey Feldman , Doug Downey , Arman Cohan , Nazli Goharian

Organizations handling sensitive documents face a critical dilemma: adopt cloud-based AI systems that offer powerful question-answering capabilities but compromise data privacy, or maintain local processing that ensures security but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Paolo Astrino