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Relevance plays a central role in information retrieval (IR), which has received extensive studies starting from the 20th century. The definition and the modeling of relevance has always been critical challenges in both information science…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Yixing Fan , Jiafeng Guo , Xinyu Ma , Ruqing Zhang , Yanyan Lan , Xueqi Cheng

A sequence of recent papers has considered the role of measurement scales in information retrieval (IR) experimentation, and presented the argument that (only) uniform-step interval scales should be used, and hence that well-known metrics…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Alistair Moffat

Relevance is an underlying concept in the field of Information Science and Retrieval. It is a cognitive notion consisting of several different criteria or dimensions. Theoretical models of relevance allude to interdependence between these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Sagar Uprety , Shahram Dehdashti , Lauren Fell , Peter Bruza , Dawei Song

In the information retrieval (IR) domain, evaluation plays a crucial role in optimizing search experiences and supporting diverse user intents. In the recent LLM era, research has been conducted to automate document relevance labels, as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mouly Dewan , Jiqun Liu , Chirag Shah

The study of IR evaluation metrics through axiomatic analysis enables a better understanding of their numerical properties. Some works have modelled the effectiveness of retrieval metrics with axioms that capture desirable properties on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Fernando Giner

It has been shown that relevance judgment of documents is influenced by multiple factors beyond topicality. Some multidimensional user relevance models (MURM) proposed in literature have investigated the impact of different dimensions of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Sagar Uprety , Yi Su , Dawei Song , Jingfei Li

Information retrieval (IR) evaluation measures are cornerstones for determining the suitability and task performance efficiency of retrieval systems. Their metric and scale properties enable to compare one system against another to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fernando Giner

Ranked lists are frequently used by information retrieval (IR) systems to present results believed to be relevant to the users information need. Fairness is a relatively new but important aspect of these rankings to measure, joining a rich…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Amifa Raj , Michael D. Ekstrand

Information Retrieval (IR) is the task of obtaining pieces of data (such as documents or snippets of text) that are relevant to a particular query or need from a large repository of information. While a combination of traditional keyword-…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Samarth Rawal , Chitta Baral

The overwhelming volume of data generated and indexed by search engines poses a significant challenge in retrieving documents from the index efficiently and effectively. Even with a well-crafted query, several relevant documents often get…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Aman Sinha , Priyanshu Raj Mall , Dwaipayan Roy

Mechanistic interpretation has greatly contributed to a more detailed understanding of generative language models, enabling significant progress in identifying structures that implement key behaviors through interactions between internal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Meng Lu , Catherine Chen , Carsten Eickhoff

This work investigates the effect of gender-stereotypical biases in the content of retrieved results on the relevance judgement of users/annotators. In particular, since relevance in information retrieval (IR) is a multi-dimensional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Klara Krieg , Emilia Parada-Cabaleiro , Markus Schedl , Navid Rekabsaz

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to consider multiple dimensions of relevance beyond topicality in cross-encoder re-ranking. On the one hand, current multidimensional retrieval models often use na\"ive solutions at the re-ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Rishabh Upadhyay , Arian Askari , Gabriella Pasi , Marco Viviani

In Information Retrieval (IR), whether implicitly or explicitly, queries and documents are often represented as vectors. However, it may be more beneficial to consider documents and/or queries as multidimensional objects. Our belief is this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-02-18 Benjamin Piwowarski , Ingo Frommholz , Mounia Lalmas , Keith van Rijsbergen

Information Retrieval (IR) methods aim to identify documents relevant to a query, which have been widely applied in various natural language tasks. However, existing approaches typically consider only the textual content within documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaewoo Lee , Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

The task of Information Retrieval (IR) requires a system to identify relevant documents based on users' information needs. In real-world scenarios, retrievers are expected to not only rely on the semantic relevance between the documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xinran Zhao , Tong Chen , Sihao Chen , Hongming Zhang , Tongshuang Wu

In this position paper we argue that certain aspects of relevance assessment in the evaluation of IR systems are oversimplified and that human assessments represented by qrels should be augmented to take account of contextual factors and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Laura Hasler , Martin Halvey , Robert Villa

Current IR evaluation is based on relevance judgments, created either manually or automatically, with decisions outsourced to Large Language Models (LLMs). We offer an alternative paradigm, that never relies on relevance judgments in any…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Human relevance assessment is time-consuming and cognitively intensive, limiting the scalability of Information Retrieval evaluation. This has led to growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) as proxies for human judges.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chuting Yu , Hang Li , Guido Zuccon , Joel Mackenzie , Teerapong Leelanupab

To evaluate Information Retrieval (IR) effectiveness, a possible approach is to use test collections, which are composed of a collection of documents, a set of description of information needs (called topics), and a set of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Kevin Roitero
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