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Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) presents a promising near-term approach to reduce error when estimating expectation values in quantum computing. Here, we introduce QEM techniques tailored for quantum annealing, using Zero-Noise Extrapolation…

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) trapped-ion devices are subject to errors which can significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. A form of error mitigation called zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) can…

We propose a general framework for quantum error mitigation that combines and generalizes two techniques: probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) and zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE). Similarly to PEC, the proposed method represents ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , William J. Zeng

In the emergent realm of quantum computing, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) stands out as a promising algorithm for solving complex quantum problems, especially in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Subhasree Bhattacharjee , Soumyadip Sarkar , Kunal Das , Bikramjit Sarkar

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on near-term quantum hardware face a critical challenge: hardware noise degrades solution fidelity and disrupts convergence. We present a systematic study of…

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

As a crossover frontier of physics and mechanics, quantum computing is showing its great potential in computational mechanics. However, quantum hardware noise remains a critical barrier to achieving accurate simulation results due to the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zengtao Kuang , Yongchun Xu , Qun Huang , Jie Yang , Chafik El Kihal , Heng Hu

Zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used technique for gate error mitigation on near term quantum computers because it can be implemented in software and does not require knowledge of the quantum computer noise parameters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Andre He , Christian W. Bauer , Wibe A. de Jong , Benjamin Nachman

Zero-noise extrapolation is a quantum error mitigation technique that has typically been studied under the ideal approximation that the noise acting on a quantum device is not time-correlated. In this work, we investigate the feasibility…

Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

As quantum computing advances towards practical applications, reducing errors remains a crucial frontier for developing near-term devices. Errors in the quantum gates and quantum state readout could result in noisy circuits, which would…

The pursuit of practical quantum utility on near-term quantum processors is critically challenged by their inherent noise. Quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques are leading solutions to improve computation fidelity with relatively low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Wei-You Liao , Ge Yan , Yujin Song , Tian-Ci Tian , Wei-Ming Zhu , De-Tao Jiang , Yuxuan Du , He-Liang Huang

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) protocols have provably exponential bounds on the cost scaling; however, exploring which regimes QEM can recover usable results is still of sizable interest. The expected absence of complete error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Ugnė Liaubaitė , S. E. Skelton

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

Accurate assessment and management of errors is indispensable for extracting useful results from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. In this work, we propose the qubit error probability (QEP), a device specific metric that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Nahual Sobrino , Unai Aseginolaza , Joaquim Jornet-Somoza , Juan Borge

A common approach to deal with gate errors in modern quantum-computing hardware is zero-noise extrapolation. By artificially amplifying errors and extrapolating the expectation values obtained with different error strengths towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Kathrin F. Koenig , Finn Reinecke , Walter Hahn , Thomas Wellens

A widely used method for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computers is Richardson extrapolation, a technique in which the overall effect of noise on the estimation of quantum expectation values is captured by a single parameter that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

Zero-noise extrapolation provides an especially useful error mitigation method for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Our analysis, based on matrix product density operators, of the transverse-field Ising model with depolarizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Younes Javanmard , Ugne Liaubaite , Tobias J. Osborne , Luis Santos